Eurostat does not report a population value for Irakleio in the current city-statistics extract. This profile reports 25 of 50 displayed indicators. The population field remains missing.
Its 1991–2020 climate normal is a mean annual temperature of 17.6 °C with 544 mm of precipitation a year (Copernicus ERA5-Land).
In its wider region (NUTS EL431), GDP was €17,500 per inhabitant (2023, Eurostat) — a regional figure, not a city value.
This profile reports 25 of the 50 indicators currently tracked for European cities; the rest are not reported for Irakleio. Source: official datasets listed in the source registry.
Climate (ERA5-Land normals)
Irakleio climate by month Irakleio monthly 1991-2020 normals. Temperature 10.1°C to 25.6°C; warmest Jul, coldest Jan. Precipitation up to 91mm per month.
30 100 25 75 20 50 15 25 10 0
°C
mm
J F M A M J J A S O N D
● mean temperature (°C, left) · ▮ precipitation (mm, right) Irakleio monthly climate normals Month Temp Precip Jan 10.1°C 90mm Feb 10.3°C 82mm Mar 12.1°C 62mm Apr 15.3°C 39mm May 19.7°C 30mm Jun 23.8°C 11mm Jul 25.6°C 5mm Aug 25.4°C 7mm Sep 23.0°C 22mm Oct 19.2°C 48mm Nov 15.1°C 60mm Dec 11.6°C 91mm
ERA5-Land 1991–2020 normals.
Mean annual air temperature (1991-2020 normal)
#24 of 601 · 96th pct · #1 in Greece
17.6
°C · centroid · 1991-2020
Mean January air temperature (1991-2020 normal)
#32 of 601 · 95th pct · #1 in Greece
10.1
°C · centroid · 1991-2020
Mean July air temperature (1991-2020 normal)
#46 of 601 · 92nd pct · #2 in Greece
25.6
°C · centroid · 1991-2020
Mean annual precipitation (1991-2020 normal)
ERA5-Land reanalysis total precipitation at the city centroid grid cell; not station weather.
#549 of 601 · 9th pct · #1 in Greece
544
mm per year · centroid · 1991-2020
Mean surface solar radiation downwards (1991-2020 normal)
ERA5-Land mean surface solar radiation; this is irradiance, NOT sunshine hours.
#14 of 601 · 98th pct · #1 in Greece
216
W per m2 · centroid · 1991-2020
Compare with same-grain records from the same year Mean annual air temperature (1991-2020 normal)
Irakleio: Mean annual air temperature (1991-2020 normal) in the same year and geography grain Irakleio: 17.6. Higher than 577 of 601 reporting records in the same comparison group. Range 1.3 to 24.5; median 10.6.
1.3
24.5
median 10.6
Irakleio: Mean annual air temperature (1991-2020 normal) in the same year and geography grain
Irakleio 17.6 Higher than 577 of 601 records in the same comparison group Median 10.6
Mean January air temperature (1991-2020 normal)
Irakleio: Mean January air temperature (1991-2020 normal) in the same year and geography grain Irakleio: 10.1. Higher than 569 of 601 reporting records in the same comparison group. Range -9.3 to 13.5; median 2.6.
-9.3
13.5
median 2.6
Irakleio: Mean January air temperature (1991-2020 normal) in the same year and geography grain
Irakleio 10.1 Higher than 569 of 601 records in the same comparison group Median 2.6
Mean July air temperature (1991-2020 normal)
Irakleio: Mean July air temperature (1991-2020 normal) in the same year and geography grain Irakleio: 25.6. Higher than 555 of 601 reporting records in the same comparison group. Range 12.5 to 38.1; median 19.3.
12.5
38.1
median 19.3
Irakleio: Mean July air temperature (1991-2020 normal) in the same year and geography grain
Irakleio 25.6 Higher than 555 of 601 records in the same comparison group Median 19.3
Mean annual precipitation (1991-2020 normal)
Irakleio: Mean annual precipitation (1991-2020 normal) in the same year and geography grain Irakleio: 544. Higher than 52 of 601 reporting records in the same comparison group. Range 261 to 2,516; median 816.
261
2,516
median 816
Irakleio: Mean annual precipitation (1991-2020 normal) in the same year and geography grain
Irakleio 544 Higher than 52 of 601 records in the same comparison group Median 816
Mean surface solar radiation downwards (1991-2020 normal)
Irakleio: Mean surface solar radiation downwards (1991-2020 normal) in the same year and geography grain Irakleio: 216. Higher than 587 of 601 reporting records in the same comparison group. Range 96 to 230; median 136.
96
230
median 136
Irakleio: Mean surface solar radiation downwards (1991-2020 normal) in the same year and geography grain
Irakleio 216 Higher than 587 of 601 records in the same comparison group Median 136
Air quality (EEA annualized)
Annual mean NO2 concentration from EEA monthly city averages
#99 of 329 · 70th pct · #2 in Greece
Annual mean O3 concentration from EEA monthly city averages
#2 of 281 · 99th pct · #1 in Greece
Annual mean PM2.5 concentration from EEA monthly city averages
#102 of 298 · 66th pct · #2 in Greece
Compare with same-grain records from the same year Annual mean NO2 concentration from EEA monthly city averages
Irakleio: Annual mean NO2 concentration from EEA monthly city averages in the same year and geography grain Irakleio: 20. Higher than 230 of 329 reporting records in the same comparison group. Range 5 to 35; median 16.
5
35
median 16
Irakleio: Annual mean NO2 concentration from EEA monthly city averages in the same year and geography grain
Irakleio 20 Higher than 230 of 329 records in the same comparison group Median 16
Annual mean O3 concentration from EEA monthly city averages
Irakleio: Annual mean O3 concentration from EEA monthly city averages in the same year and geography grain Irakleio: 75. Higher than 279 of 281 reporting records in the same comparison group. Range 33 to 81; median 52.
33
81
median 52
Irakleio: Annual mean O3 concentration from EEA monthly city averages in the same year and geography grain
Irakleio 75 Higher than 279 of 281 records in the same comparison group Median 52
Annual mean PM2.5 concentration from EEA monthly city averages
Irakleio: Annual mean PM2.5 concentration from EEA monthly city averages in the same year and geography grain Irakleio: 12. Higher than 196 of 298 reporting records in the same comparison group. Range 3 to 22; median 9.
3
22
median 9
Irakleio: Annual mean PM2.5 concentration from EEA monthly city averages in the same year and geography grain
Irakleio 12 Higher than 196 of 298 records in the same comparison group Median 9
Country price context (PPP)
Country price level index for GDP
81
EU27_2020=100 · EL · 2024
Resident perception survey
Irakleio resident perception survey strongly agreeing it is easy to find good housing at a reasonable price
17.4%
somewhat agreeing it is easy to find good housing at a reasonable price
25.2%
very satisfied with the quality of the air in the city
26.9%
rather satisfied with the quality of the air in the city
43.8%
very satisfied with the noise level in the city
18.3%
rather satisfied with the noise level in the city
34.9%
very satisfied with cleanliness in the city
5.7%
rather satisfied with cleanliness in the city
33.3%
strongly agreeing they are satisfied to live in this city
36.5%
somewhat agreeing they are satisfied to live in this city
44.1%
Feel safe at night — strongly agree
27.3%
Feel safe at night — somewhat agree
40.3%
Transport affordable — strongly agree
21.2%
Transport affordable — somewhat agree
19.5%
Irakleio resident perception survey strongly agreeing it is easy to find good housing at a reasonable price 17.4% somewhat agreeing it is easy to find good housing at a reasonable price 25.2% very satisfied with the quality of the air in the city 26.9% rather satisfied with the quality of the air in the city 43.8% very satisfied with the noise level in the city 18.3% rather satisfied with the noise level in the city 34.9% very satisfied with cleanliness in the city 5.7% rather satisfied with cleanliness in the city 33.3% strongly agreeing they are satisfied to live in this city 36.5% somewhat agreeing they are satisfied to live in this city 44.1% Feel safe at night — strongly agree 27.3% Feel safe at night — somewhat agree 40.3% Transport affordable — strongly agree 21.2% Transport affordable — somewhat agree 19.5%
Compare with same-grain records from the same year Share strongly agreeing it is easy to find good housing at a reasonable price
Irakleio: Share strongly agreeing it is easy to find good housing at a reasonable price in the same year and geography grain Irakleio: 17.4%. Higher than 29 of 30 reporting records in the same comparison group. Range 2.5% to 17.4%; median 7%.
2.5%
17.4%
median 7%
Irakleio: Share strongly agreeing it is easy to find good housing at a reasonable price in the same year and geography grain
Irakleio 17.4% Higher than 29 of 30 records in the same comparison group Median 7%
Share somewhat agreeing it is easy to find good housing at a reasonable price
Irakleio: Share somewhat agreeing it is easy to find good housing at a reasonable price in the same year and geography grain Irakleio: 25.2%. Higher than 24 of 30 reporting records in the same comparison group. Range 4.5% to 38.2%; median 15.5%.
4.5%
38.2%
median 15.5%
Irakleio: Share somewhat agreeing it is easy to find good housing at a reasonable price in the same year and geography grain
Irakleio 25.2% Higher than 24 of 30 records in the same comparison group Median 15.5%
Share very satisfied with the quality of the air in the city
Irakleio: Share very satisfied with the quality of the air in the city in the same year and geography grain Irakleio: 26.9%. Higher than 26 of 30 reporting records in the same comparison group. Range 6.3% to 35.2%; median 13.2%.
6.3%
35.2%
median 13.2%
Irakleio: Share very satisfied with the quality of the air in the city in the same year and geography grain
Irakleio 26.9% Higher than 26 of 30 records in the same comparison group Median 13.2%
Share rather satisfied with the quality of the air in the city
Irakleio: Share rather satisfied with the quality of the air in the city in the same year and geography grain Irakleio: 43.8%. Higher than 13 of 30 reporting records in the same comparison group. Range 17.9% to 63.7%; median 44.3%.
17.9%
63.7%
median 44.3%
Irakleio: Share rather satisfied with the quality of the air in the city in the same year and geography grain
Irakleio 43.8% Higher than 13 of 30 records in the same comparison group Median 44.3%
Share very satisfied with the noise level in the city
Irakleio: Share very satisfied with the noise level in the city in the same year and geography grain Irakleio: 18.3%. Higher than 15 of 30 reporting records in the same comparison group. Range 6.7% to 28.6%; median 17.9%.
6.7%
28.6%
median 17.9%
Irakleio: Share very satisfied with the noise level in the city in the same year and geography grain
Irakleio 18.3% Higher than 15 of 30 records in the same comparison group Median 17.9%
Share rather satisfied with the noise level in the city
Irakleio: Share rather satisfied with the noise level in the city in the same year and geography grain Irakleio: 34.9%. Higher than 5 of 30 reporting records in the same comparison group. Range 24.3% to 60.2%; median 46.4%.
24.3%
60.2%
median 46.4%
Irakleio: Share rather satisfied with the noise level in the city in the same year and geography grain
Irakleio 34.9% Higher than 5 of 30 records in the same comparison group Median 46.4%
Share very satisfied with cleanliness in the city
Irakleio: Share very satisfied with cleanliness in the city in the same year and geography grain Irakleio: 5.7%. Higher than 1 of 30 reporting records in the same comparison group. Range 4.6% to 46.5%; median 13%.
4.6%
46.5%
median 13%
Irakleio: Share very satisfied with cleanliness in the city in the same year and geography grain
Irakleio 5.7% Higher than 1 of 30 records in the same comparison group Median 13%
Share rather satisfied with cleanliness in the city
Irakleio: Share rather satisfied with cleanliness in the city in the same year and geography grain Irakleio: 33.3%. Higher than 8 of 30 reporting records in the same comparison group. Range 14.3% to 63%; median 43.2%.
14.3%
63%
median 43.2%
Irakleio: Share rather satisfied with cleanliness in the city in the same year and geography grain
Irakleio 33.3% Higher than 8 of 30 records in the same comparison group Median 43.2%
Share strongly agreeing they are satisfied to live in this city
Irakleio: Share strongly agreeing they are satisfied to live in this city in the same year and geography grain Irakleio: 36.5%. Higher than 6 of 30 reporting records in the same comparison group. Range 18.4% to 77.3%; median 45.5%.
18.4%
77.3%
median 45.5%
Irakleio: Share strongly agreeing they are satisfied to live in this city in the same year and geography grain
Irakleio 36.5% Higher than 6 of 30 records in the same comparison group Median 45.5%
Share somewhat agreeing they are satisfied to live in this city
Irakleio: Share somewhat agreeing they are satisfied to live in this city in the same year and geography grain Irakleio: 44.1%. Higher than 19 of 30 reporting records in the same comparison group. Range 16.2% to 61.9%; median 42.7%.
16.2%
61.9%
median 42.7%
Irakleio: Share somewhat agreeing they are satisfied to live in this city in the same year and geography grain
Irakleio 44.1% Higher than 19 of 30 records in the same comparison group Median 42.7%
Share strongly agreeing they feel safe walking alone at night in the city
Irakleio: Share strongly agreeing they feel safe walking alone at night in the city in the same year and geography grain Irakleio: 27.3%. Higher than 20 of 30 reporting records in the same comparison group. Range 7.6% to 46.7%; median 24.6%.
7.6%
46.7%
median 24.6%
Irakleio: Share strongly agreeing they feel safe walking alone at night in the city in the same year and geography grain
Irakleio 27.3% Higher than 20 of 30 records in the same comparison group Median 24.6%
Share somewhat agreeing they feel safe walking alone at night in the city
Irakleio: Share somewhat agreeing they feel safe walking alone at night in the city in the same year and geography grain Irakleio: 40.3%. Higher than 10 of 30 reporting records in the same comparison group. Range 27.3% to 66.3%; median 42.4%.
27.3%
66.3%
median 42.4%
Irakleio: Share somewhat agreeing they feel safe walking alone at night in the city in the same year and geography grain
Irakleio 40.3% Higher than 10 of 30 records in the same comparison group Median 42.4%
Share strongly agreeing public transport is affordable
Irakleio: Share strongly agreeing public transport is affordable in the same year and geography grain Irakleio: 21.2%. Higher than 4 of 30 reporting records in the same comparison group. Range 8.5% to 61.9%; median 30.5%.
8.5%
61.9%
median 30.5%
Irakleio: Share strongly agreeing public transport is affordable in the same year and geography grain
Irakleio 21.2% Higher than 4 of 30 records in the same comparison group Median 30.5%
Share somewhat agreeing public transport is affordable
Irakleio: Share somewhat agreeing public transport is affordable in the same year and geography grain Irakleio: 19.5%. Higher than 0 of 30 reporting records in the same comparison group. Range 19.5% to 57.5%; median 36%.
19.5%
57.5%
median 36%
Irakleio: Share somewhat agreeing public transport is affordable in the same year and geography grain
Irakleio 19.5% Higher than 0 of 30 records in the same comparison group Median 36%
Regional context (NUTS) Values describe the city's NUTS region, not the city itself
Regional GDP per inhabitant
€17,500
EUR per inhabitant · EL431 · 2023
Life expectancy at birth, both sexes
Common questions What is the climate of Irakleio? Its 1991–2020 ERA5-Land normal is a mean annual temperature of 17.6 °C (January 10.1 °C, July 25.6 °C) with 544 mm of precipitation a year. This is reanalysis, not station weather.
Not reported for this city: Population & demographics, Housing & living costs, Employment, Education, Births & deaths, Transport costs, Tourism, Culture. Eurostat Urban Audit coverage is voluntary, so some indicators are unavailable for some cities.
Every figure is an official indicator with its source linked. Ranks compare only records with the same reference year and geography grain. See the methodology .
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