Its 1991–2020 climate normal is a mean annual temperature of 10.2 °C with 848 mm of precipitation a year (Copernicus ERA5-Land).
In its wider region (NUTS NL127), GDP was €43,800 per inhabitant (2024, Eurostat) — a regional figure, not a city value.
This profile reports 16 of the 50 indicators currently tracked for European cities; the rest are not reported for Leeuwarden. Source: official datasets listed in the source registry.
Population & demographics
Population on 1 January, total
#176 of 426 · 59th pct · #14 in Netherlands
Population density (population divided by GISCO area)
#301 of 381 · 21st pct · #29 in Netherlands
492
persons per km2 · 2022
Share of population aged 65 and over
#261 of 386 · 32nd pct · #16 in Netherlands
19.3%
of population · 2022
Compare with same-grain records from the same year Population on 1 January, total
Leeuwarden: Population on 1 January, total in the same year and geography grain Leeuwarden: 125,504. Higher than 250 of 426 reporting records in the same comparison group. Range 38,669 to 3,677,472; median 104,735.
38,669
3,677,472
median 104,735
Leeuwarden: Population on 1 January, total in the same year and geography grain
Leeuwarden 125,504 Higher than 250 of 426 records in the same comparison group Median 104,735
Population density (population divided by GISCO area)
Leeuwarden: Population density (population divided by GISCO area) in the same year and geography grain Leeuwarden: 492. Higher than 80 of 381 reporting records in the same comparison group. Range 28 to 9,215; median 1,069.
28
9,215
median 1,069
Leeuwarden: Population density (population divided by GISCO area) in the same year and geography grain
Leeuwarden 492 Higher than 80 of 381 records in the same comparison group Median 1,069
Share of population aged 65 and over
Leeuwarden: Share of population aged 65 and over in the same year and geography grain Leeuwarden: 19.3%. Higher than 123 of 386 reporting records in the same comparison group. Range 9.1% to 32.5%; median 20.9%.
9.1%
32.5%
median 20.9%
Leeuwarden: Share of population aged 65 and over in the same year and geography grain
Leeuwarden 19.3% Higher than 123 of 386 records in the same comparison group Median 20.9%
Climate (ERA5-Land normals)
Leeuwarden climate by month Leeuwarden monthly 1991-2020 normals. Temperature 3.5°C to 17.6°C; warmest Aug, coldest Jan. Precipitation up to 90mm per month.
20 100 15 75 10 50 5 25 0 0
°C
mm
J F M A M J J A S O N D
● mean temperature (°C, left) · ▮ precipitation (mm, right) Leeuwarden monthly climate normals Month Temp Precip Jan 3.5°C 71mm Feb 3.6°C 57mm Mar 5.6°C 54mm Apr 8.8°C 48mm May 12.3°C 64mm Jun 15.2°C 73mm Jul 17.5°C 86mm Aug 17.6°C 90mm Sep 15.0°C 80mm Oct 11.2°C 79mm Nov 7.3°C 70mm Dec 4.5°C 77mm
ERA5-Land 1991–2020 normals.
Mean annual air temperature (1991-2020 normal)
#369 of 601 · 38th pct · #39 in Netherlands
10.2
°C · centroid · 1991-2020
Mean January air temperature (1991-2020 normal)
#225 of 601 · 62nd pct · #16 in Netherlands
3.5
°C · centroid · 1991-2020
Mean July air temperature (1991-2020 normal)
#571 of 601 · 5th pct · #41 in Netherlands
17.5
°C · centroid · 1991-2020
Mean annual precipitation (1991-2020 normal)
ERA5-Land reanalysis total precipitation at the city centroid grid cell; not station weather.
#250 of 601 · 58th pct · #27 in Netherlands
848
mm per year · centroid · 1991-2020
Mean surface solar radiation downwards (1991-2020 normal)
ERA5-Land mean surface solar radiation; this is irradiance, NOT sunshine hours.
#379 of 601 · 37th pct · #7 in Netherlands
128
W per m2 · centroid · 1991-2020
Compare with same-grain records from the same year Mean annual air temperature (1991-2020 normal)
Leeuwarden: Mean annual air temperature (1991-2020 normal) in the same year and geography grain Leeuwarden: 10.2. Higher than 231 of 601 reporting records in the same comparison group. Range 1.3 to 24.5; median 10.6.
1.3
24.5
median 10.6
Leeuwarden: Mean annual air temperature (1991-2020 normal) in the same year and geography grain
Leeuwarden 10.2 Higher than 231 of 601 records in the same comparison group Median 10.6
Mean January air temperature (1991-2020 normal)
Leeuwarden: Mean January air temperature (1991-2020 normal) in the same year and geography grain Leeuwarden: 3.5. Higher than 374 of 601 reporting records in the same comparison group. Range -9.3 to 13.5; median 2.6.
-9.3
13.5
median 2.6
Leeuwarden: Mean January air temperature (1991-2020 normal) in the same year and geography grain
Leeuwarden 3.5 Higher than 374 of 601 records in the same comparison group Median 2.6
Mean July air temperature (1991-2020 normal)
Leeuwarden: Mean July air temperature (1991-2020 normal) in the same year and geography grain Leeuwarden: 17.5. Higher than 30 of 601 reporting records in the same comparison group. Range 12.5 to 38.1; median 19.3.
12.5
38.1
median 19.3
Leeuwarden: Mean July air temperature (1991-2020 normal) in the same year and geography grain
Leeuwarden 17.5 Higher than 30 of 601 records in the same comparison group Median 19.3
Mean annual precipitation (1991-2020 normal)
Leeuwarden: Mean annual precipitation (1991-2020 normal) in the same year and geography grain Leeuwarden: 848. Higher than 351 of 601 reporting records in the same comparison group. Range 261 to 2,516; median 816.
261
2,516
median 816
Leeuwarden: Mean annual precipitation (1991-2020 normal) in the same year and geography grain
Leeuwarden 848 Higher than 351 of 601 records in the same comparison group Median 816
Mean surface solar radiation downwards (1991-2020 normal)
Leeuwarden: Mean surface solar radiation downwards (1991-2020 normal) in the same year and geography grain Leeuwarden: 128. Higher than 222 of 601 reporting records in the same comparison group. Range 96 to 230; median 136.
96
230
median 136
Leeuwarden: Mean surface solar radiation downwards (1991-2020 normal) in the same year and geography grain
Leeuwarden 128 Higher than 222 of 601 records in the same comparison group Median 136
Employment
Unemployment rate
#234 of 288 · 19th pct · #7 in Netherlands
4.3%d
of population · 2022
Compare with same-grain records from the same year Unemployment rate
Leeuwarden: Unemployment rate in the same year and geography grain Leeuwarden: 4.3%. Higher than 54 of 288 reporting records in the same comparison group. Range 1.3% to 33.0%; median 7.8%.
1.3%
33.0%
median 7.8%
Leeuwarden: Unemployment rate in the same year and geography grain
Leeuwarden 4.3% Higher than 54 of 288 records in the same comparison group Median 7.8%
Education
Share of students in higher education in the total population
#129 of 301 · 57th pct · #6 in Netherlands
73
students per 1000 residents · 2022
Compare with same-grain records from the same year Share of students in higher education in the total population
Leeuwarden: Share of students in higher education in the total population in the same year and geography grain Leeuwarden: 73. Higher than 172 of 301 reporting records in the same comparison group. Range 0 to 579; median 62.
0
579
median 62
Leeuwarden: Share of students in higher education in the total population in the same year and geography grain
Leeuwarden 73 Higher than 172 of 301 records in the same comparison group Median 62
Crude birth rate
Annual live births per 1000 residents for the reported Eurostat geography; not a fertility rate.
#85 of 366 · 77th pct · #18 in Netherlands
10
births per 1000 residents · 2022
Crude death rate
Annual deaths per 1000 residents for the reported Eurostat geography; age structure strongly affects comparisons.
#306 of 400 · 24th pct · #15 in Netherlands
10
deaths per 1000 residents · 2022
Compare with same-grain records from the same year Crude birth rate
Leeuwarden: Crude birth rate in the same year and geography grain Leeuwarden: 10. Higher than 281 of 366 reporting records in the same comparison group. Range 4 to 24; median 8.
4
24
median 8
Leeuwarden: Crude birth rate in the same year and geography grain
Leeuwarden 10 Higher than 281 of 366 records in the same comparison group Median 8
Crude death rate
Leeuwarden: Crude death rate in the same year and geography grain Leeuwarden: 10. Higher than 94 of 400 reporting records in the same comparison group. Range 5 to 20; median 12.
5
20
median 12
Leeuwarden: Crude death rate in the same year and geography grain
Leeuwarden 10 Higher than 94 of 400 records in the same comparison group Median 12
Transport costs
Number of registered cars per 1000 population
#201 of 247 · 19th pct · #22 in Netherlands
420
cars per 1000 population · 2022
Compare with same-grain records from the same year Number of registered cars per 1000 population
Leeuwarden: Number of registered cars per 1000 population in the same year and geography grain Leeuwarden: 420. Higher than 46 of 247 reporting records in the same comparison group. Range 272 to 4,237; median 479.
272
4,237
median 479
Leeuwarden: Number of registered cars per 1000 population in the same year and geography grain
Leeuwarden 420 Higher than 46 of 247 records in the same comparison group Median 479
Country price context (PPP)
Country price level index for GDP
117
EU27_2020=100 · NL · 2024
Regional context (NUTS) Values describe the city's NUTS region, not the city itself
Regional GDP per inhabitant
€43,800
EUR per inhabitant · NL127 · 2024
Life expectancy at birth, both sexes
Common questions What is the population of Leeuwarden? Leeuwarden had a population of 125,504 on 1 January 2022 (Eurostat city figure), the 176th largest of the 426 reporting city records in the same year.
What is the climate of Leeuwarden? Its 1991–2020 ERA5-Land normal is a mean annual temperature of 10.2 °C (January 3.5 °C, July 17.5 °C) with 848 mm of precipitation a year. This is reanalysis, not station weather.
Not reported for this city: Air quality (EEA annualized), Housing & living costs, Tourism, Culture, Resident perception survey. Eurostat Urban Audit coverage is voluntary, so some indicators are unavailable for some cities.
Eurostat flags: d = definition differs
Every figure is an official indicator with its source linked. Ranks compare only records with the same reference year and geography grain. See the methodology .
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