Its 1991–2020 climate normal is a mean annual temperature of 10.2 °C with 861 mm of precipitation a year (Copernicus ERA5-Land).
In its wider region (NUTS NL211), GDP was €57,800 per inhabitant (2024, Eurostat) — a regional figure, not a city value.
This profile reports 16 of the 50 indicators currently tracked for European cities; the rest are not reported for Zwolle. Source: official datasets listed in the source registry.
Population & demographics
Population on 1 January, total
#164 of 426 · 62nd pct · #12 in Netherlands
Population density (population divided by GISCO area)
#185 of 381 · 51st pct · #16 in Netherlands
1,095
persons per km2 · 2022
Share of population aged 65 and over
#352 of 386 · 8th pct · #28 in Netherlands
16.5%
of population · 2022
Compare with same-grain records from the same year Population on 1 January, total
Zwolle: Population on 1 January, total in the same year and geography grain Zwolle: 130,668. Higher than 262 of 426 reporting records in the same comparison group. Range 38,669 to 3,677,472; median 104,735.
38,669
3,677,472
median 104,735
Zwolle: Population on 1 January, total in the same year and geography grain
Zwolle 130,668 Higher than 262 of 426 records in the same comparison group Median 104,735
Population density (population divided by GISCO area)
Zwolle: Population density (population divided by GISCO area) in the same year and geography grain Zwolle: 1,095. Higher than 196 of 381 reporting records in the same comparison group. Range 28 to 9,215; median 1,069.
28
9,215
median 1,069
Zwolle: Population density (population divided by GISCO area) in the same year and geography grain
Zwolle 1,095 Higher than 196 of 381 records in the same comparison group Median 1,069
Share of population aged 65 and over
Zwolle: Share of population aged 65 and over in the same year and geography grain Zwolle: 16.5%. Higher than 32 of 386 reporting records in the same comparison group. Range 9.1% to 32.5%; median 20.9%.
9.1%
32.5%
median 20.9%
Zwolle: Share of population aged 65 and over in the same year and geography grain
Zwolle 16.5% Higher than 32 of 386 records in the same comparison group Median 20.9%
Climate (ERA5-Land normals)
Zwolle climate by month Zwolle monthly 1991-2020 normals. Temperature 3.0°C to 18.1°C; warmest Jul, coldest Jan. Precipitation up to 93mm per month.
20 100 15 75 10 50 5 25 0 0
°C
mm
J F M A M J J A S O N D
● mean temperature (°C, left) · ▮ precipitation (mm, right) Zwolle monthly climate normals Month Temp Precip Jan 3.0°C 72mm Feb 3.3°C 60mm Mar 5.8°C 62mm Apr 9.3°C 56mm May 13.1°C 70mm Jun 15.9°C 77mm Jul 18.1°C 93mm Aug 17.8°C 88mm Sep 14.8°C 73mm Oct 10.8°C 70mm Nov 6.7°C 65mm Dec 3.7°C 76mm
ERA5-Land 1991–2020 normals.
Mean annual air temperature (1991-2020 normal)
#365 of 601 · 39th pct · #38 in Netherlands
10.2
°C · centroid · 1991-2020
Mean January air temperature (1991-2020 normal)
#262 of 601 · 56th pct · #32 in Netherlands
3.0
°C · centroid · 1991-2020
Mean July air temperature (1991-2020 normal)
#512 of 601 · 14th pct · #28 in Netherlands
18.1
°C · centroid · 1991-2020
Mean annual precipitation (1991-2020 normal)
ERA5-Land reanalysis total precipitation at the city centroid grid cell; not station weather.
#218 of 601 · 64th pct · #13 in Netherlands
861
mm per year · centroid · 1991-2020
Mean surface solar radiation downwards (1991-2020 normal)
ERA5-Land mean surface solar radiation; this is irradiance, NOT sunshine hours.
#540 of 601 · 10th pct · #35 in Netherlands
120
W per m2 · centroid · 1991-2020
Compare with same-grain records from the same year Mean annual air temperature (1991-2020 normal)
Zwolle: Mean annual air temperature (1991-2020 normal) in the same year and geography grain Zwolle: 10.2. Higher than 236 of 601 reporting records in the same comparison group. Range 1.3 to 24.5; median 10.6.
1.3
24.5
median 10.6
Zwolle: Mean annual air temperature (1991-2020 normal) in the same year and geography grain
Zwolle 10.2 Higher than 236 of 601 records in the same comparison group Median 10.6
Mean January air temperature (1991-2020 normal)
Zwolle: Mean January air temperature (1991-2020 normal) in the same year and geography grain Zwolle: 3.0. Higher than 335 of 601 reporting records in the same comparison group. Range -9.3 to 13.5; median 2.6.
-9.3
13.5
median 2.6
Zwolle: Mean January air temperature (1991-2020 normal) in the same year and geography grain
Zwolle 3.0 Higher than 335 of 601 records in the same comparison group Median 2.6
Mean July air temperature (1991-2020 normal)
Zwolle: Mean July air temperature (1991-2020 normal) in the same year and geography grain Zwolle: 18.1. Higher than 86 of 601 reporting records in the same comparison group. Range 12.5 to 38.1; median 19.3.
12.5
38.1
median 19.3
Zwolle: Mean July air temperature (1991-2020 normal) in the same year and geography grain
Zwolle 18.1 Higher than 86 of 601 records in the same comparison group Median 19.3
Mean annual precipitation (1991-2020 normal)
Zwolle: Mean annual precipitation (1991-2020 normal) in the same year and geography grain Zwolle: 861. Higher than 383 of 601 reporting records in the same comparison group. Range 261 to 2,516; median 816.
261
2,516
median 816
Zwolle: Mean annual precipitation (1991-2020 normal) in the same year and geography grain
Zwolle 861 Higher than 383 of 601 records in the same comparison group Median 816
Mean surface solar radiation downwards (1991-2020 normal)
Zwolle: Mean surface solar radiation downwards (1991-2020 normal) in the same year and geography grain Zwolle: 120. Higher than 61 of 601 reporting records in the same comparison group. Range 96 to 230; median 136.
96
230
median 136
Zwolle: Mean surface solar radiation downwards (1991-2020 normal) in the same year and geography grain
Zwolle 120 Higher than 61 of 601 records in the same comparison group Median 136
Employment
Unemployment rate
#242 of 288 · 16th pct · #11 in Netherlands
3.9%d
of population · 2022
Compare with same-grain records from the same year Unemployment rate
Zwolle: Unemployment rate in the same year and geography grain Zwolle: 3.9%. Higher than 46 of 288 reporting records in the same comparison group. Range 1.3% to 33.0%; median 7.8%.
1.3%
33.0%
median 7.8%
Zwolle: Unemployment rate in the same year and geography grain
Zwolle 3.9% Higher than 46 of 288 records in the same comparison group Median 7.8%
Education
Share of students in higher education in the total population
#168 of 301 · 44th pct · #8 in Netherlands
53
students per 1000 residents · 2022
Compare with same-grain records from the same year Share of students in higher education in the total population
Zwolle: Share of students in higher education in the total population in the same year and geography grain Zwolle: 53. Higher than 132 of 301 reporting records in the same comparison group. Range 0 to 579; median 62.
0
579
median 62
Zwolle: Share of students in higher education in the total population in the same year and geography grain
Zwolle 53 Higher than 132 of 301 records in the same comparison group Median 62
Crude birth rate
Annual live births per 1000 residents for the reported Eurostat geography; not a fertility rate.
#13 of 366 · 96th pct · #4 in Netherlands
11
births per 1000 residents · 2022
Crude death rate
Annual deaths per 1000 residents for the reported Eurostat geography; age structure strongly affects comparisons.
#357 of 400 · 10th pct · #27 in Netherlands
8
deaths per 1000 residents · 2022
Compare with same-grain records from the same year Crude birth rate
Zwolle: Crude birth rate in the same year and geography grain Zwolle: 11. Higher than 353 of 366 reporting records in the same comparison group. Range 4 to 24; median 8.
4
24
median 8
Zwolle: Crude birth rate in the same year and geography grain
Zwolle 11 Higher than 353 of 366 records in the same comparison group Median 8
Crude death rate
Zwolle: Crude death rate in the same year and geography grain Zwolle: 8. Higher than 42 of 400 reporting records in the same comparison group. Range 5 to 20; median 12.
5
20
median 12
Zwolle: Crude death rate in the same year and geography grain
Zwolle 8 Higher than 42 of 400 records in the same comparison group Median 12
Transport costs
Number of registered cars per 1000 population
#219 of 247 · 11th pct · #28 in Netherlands
396
cars per 1000 population · 2022
Compare with same-grain records from the same year Number of registered cars per 1000 population
Zwolle: Number of registered cars per 1000 population in the same year and geography grain Zwolle: 396. Higher than 28 of 247 reporting records in the same comparison group. Range 272 to 4,237; median 479.
272
4,237
median 479
Zwolle: Number of registered cars per 1000 population in the same year and geography grain
Zwolle 396 Higher than 28 of 247 records in the same comparison group Median 479
Country price context (PPP)
Country price level index for GDP
117
EU27_2020=100 · NL · 2024
Regional context (NUTS) Values describe the city's NUTS region, not the city itself
Regional GDP per inhabitant
€57,800
EUR per inhabitant · NL211 · 2024
Life expectancy at birth, both sexes
Common questions What is the population of Zwolle? Zwolle had a population of 130,668 on 1 January 2022 (Eurostat city figure), the 164th largest of the 426 reporting city records in the same year.
What is the climate of Zwolle? Its 1991–2020 ERA5-Land normal is a mean annual temperature of 10.2 °C (January 3.0 °C, July 18.1 °C) with 861 mm of precipitation a year. This is reanalysis, not station weather.
Not reported for this city: Air quality (EEA annualized), Housing & living costs, Tourism, Culture, Resident perception survey. Eurostat Urban Audit coverage is voluntary, so some indicators are unavailable for some cities.
Eurostat flags: d = definition differs
Every figure is an official indicator with its source linked. Ranks compare only records with the same reference year and geography grain. See the methodology .
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