One random harmonized urban centre

One GHSL source record, with its modelled population estimate for 2025.

GHSL source label

Munich

GHSL modelled population estimate for reference year 2025 (persons)

1815022.37

Draw another urban centre

Every one of the 1,351 eligible source records has the same chance. Records with the same label remain separate.

These are harmonized urban centres from GHS-WUP-MTUC R2025A v1.1. The names are GHSL source labels. They do not establish official names, legal city limits or permanent city identities.

The eligible set has 1,351 source records, all with a modelled population estimate for 2025. It excludes 47 low-plausibility records from the 1,398 in-scope source records. Values retain every digit of the source token; the two groups use the unrounded estimate.

Scope follows whole source countries or areas in the project's frozen Europe scope, including its Western Asia extensions. National components remain separate, including components of cross-border urban centres. This is a harmonized source universe, not a directory of every settlement.

Read the geographic cautions and selection method.

Data source: Schiavina, Marcello; Alessandrini, Alfredo; Melchiorri, Michele; Dijkstra, Lewis (2025), GHS-WUP-MTUC R2025A – GHS-WUP multitemporal urban centres, obtained from the Degree of Urbanisation grids (GHS-WUP-DEGURBA R2025A) and linked across epochs, multitemporal (1950-2100), European Commission, Joint Research Centre, DOI 10.2905/1ea967e5-bedc-4cf3-a0b0-3851742ee7e2, accessed 28 September 2026.

Method reference: Pesaresi, M., Schiavina, M., Politis, P., Freire, S., Krasnodębska, K., Uhl, J. H., et al. (2024), Advances on the Global Human Settlement Layer by joint assessment of Earth Observation and population survey data, International Journal of Digital Earth, 17(1), DOI 10.1080/17538947.2024.2390454.

Urban-centre source labels may draw on GISCO and OpenStreetMap. OpenStreetMap data © OpenStreetMap contributors, ODbL. Cities of Europe filtered to project_europe_v1, excluded low-plausibility records, partitioned the eligible 2025 population estimates, and presented the source data. The European Commission, JRC, GISCO, and OpenStreetMap do not endorse this project.

GHSL product · Dataset DOI · Method DOI · CC BY 4.0 · © OpenStreetMap contributors · ODbL 1.0