Its 1991–2020 climate normal is a mean annual temperature of 10.0 °C with 843 mm of precipitation a year (Copernicus ERA5-Land).
In its wider region (NUTS NL115), GDP was €60,900 per inhabitant (2024, Eurostat) — a regional figure, not a city value.
This profile reports 30 of the 50 indicators currently tracked for European cities; the rest are not reported for Groningen. Source: official datasets listed in the source registry.
Population & demographics
Population on 1 January, total
#74 of 426 · 83rd pct · #1 in Netherlands
Population density (population divided by GISCO area)
#167 of 381 · 56th pct · #14 in Netherlands
1,187
persons per km2 · 2022
Share of population aged 65 and over
#368 of 386 · 4th pct · #31 in Netherlands
15.3%
of population · 2022
Compare with same-grain records from the same year Population on 1 January, total
Groningen: Population on 1 January, total in the same year and geography grain Groningen: 234,950. Higher than 352 of 426 reporting records in the same comparison group. Range 38,669 to 3,677,472; median 104,735.
38,669
3,677,472
median 104,735
Groningen: Population on 1 January, total in the same year and geography grain
Groningen 234,950 Higher than 352 of 426 records in the same comparison group Median 104,735
Population density (population divided by GISCO area)
Groningen: Population density (population divided by GISCO area) in the same year and geography grain Groningen: 1,187. Higher than 214 of 381 reporting records in the same comparison group. Range 28 to 9,215; median 1,069.
28
9,215
median 1,069
Groningen: Population density (population divided by GISCO area) in the same year and geography grain
Groningen 1,187 Higher than 214 of 381 records in the same comparison group Median 1,069
Share of population aged 65 and over
Groningen: Share of population aged 65 and over in the same year and geography grain Groningen: 15.3%. Higher than 17 of 386 reporting records in the same comparison group. Range 9.1% to 32.5%; median 20.9%.
9.1%
32.5%
median 20.9%
Groningen: Share of population aged 65 and over in the same year and geography grain
Groningen 15.3% Higher than 17 of 386 records in the same comparison group Median 20.9%
Climate (ERA5-Land normals)
Groningen climate by month Groningen monthly 1991-2020 normals. Temperature 2.9°C to 17.6°C; warmest Jul, coldest Jan. Precipitation up to 94mm per month.
20 100 15 75 10 50 5 25 0 0
°C
mm
J F M A M J J A S O N D
● mean temperature (°C, left) · ▮ precipitation (mm, right) Groningen monthly climate normals Month Temp Precip Jan 2.9°C 70mm Feb 3.2°C 56mm Mar 5.5°C 56mm Apr 9.0°C 54mm May 12.6°C 66mm Jun 15.4°C 81mm Jul 17.6°C 94mm Aug 17.6°C 90mm Sep 14.7°C 75mm Oct 10.8°C 69mm Nov 6.6°C 64mm Dec 3.8°C 70mm
ERA5-Land 1991–2020 normals.
Mean annual air temperature (1991-2020 normal)
#392 of 601 · 34th pct · #40 in Netherlands
10.0
°C · centroid · 1991-2020
Mean January air temperature (1991-2020 normal)
#272 of 601 · 55th pct · #36 in Netherlands
2.9
°C · centroid · 1991-2020
Mean July air temperature (1991-2020 normal)
#564 of 601 · 6th pct · #38 in Netherlands
17.6
°C · centroid · 1991-2020
Mean annual precipitation (1991-2020 normal)
ERA5-Land reanalysis total precipitation at the city centroid grid cell; not station weather.
#260 of 601 · 57th pct · #33 in Netherlands
843
mm per year · centroid · 1991-2020
Mean surface solar radiation downwards (1991-2020 normal)
ERA5-Land mean surface solar radiation; this is irradiance, NOT sunshine hours.
#446 of 601 · 26th pct · #17 in Netherlands
124
W per m2 · centroid · 1991-2020
Compare with same-grain records from the same year Mean annual air temperature (1991-2020 normal)
Groningen: Mean annual air temperature (1991-2020 normal) in the same year and geography grain Groningen: 10.0. Higher than 207 of 601 reporting records in the same comparison group. Range 1.3 to 24.5; median 10.6.
1.3
24.5
median 10.6
Groningen: Mean annual air temperature (1991-2020 normal) in the same year and geography grain
Groningen 10.0 Higher than 207 of 601 records in the same comparison group Median 10.6
Mean January air temperature (1991-2020 normal)
Groningen: Mean January air temperature (1991-2020 normal) in the same year and geography grain Groningen: 2.9. Higher than 328 of 601 reporting records in the same comparison group. Range -9.3 to 13.5; median 2.6.
-9.3
13.5
median 2.6
Groningen: Mean January air temperature (1991-2020 normal) in the same year and geography grain
Groningen 2.9 Higher than 328 of 601 records in the same comparison group Median 2.6
Mean July air temperature (1991-2020 normal)
Groningen: Mean July air temperature (1991-2020 normal) in the same year and geography grain Groningen: 17.6. Higher than 37 of 601 reporting records in the same comparison group. Range 12.5 to 38.1; median 19.3.
12.5
38.1
median 19.3
Groningen: Mean July air temperature (1991-2020 normal) in the same year and geography grain
Groningen 17.6 Higher than 37 of 601 records in the same comparison group Median 19.3
Mean annual precipitation (1991-2020 normal)
Groningen: Mean annual precipitation (1991-2020 normal) in the same year and geography grain Groningen: 843. Higher than 341 of 601 reporting records in the same comparison group. Range 261 to 2,516; median 816.
261
2,516
median 816
Groningen: Mean annual precipitation (1991-2020 normal) in the same year and geography grain
Groningen 843 Higher than 341 of 601 records in the same comparison group Median 816
Mean surface solar radiation downwards (1991-2020 normal)
Groningen: Mean surface solar radiation downwards (1991-2020 normal) in the same year and geography grain Groningen: 124. Higher than 155 of 601 reporting records in the same comparison group. Range 96 to 230; median 136.
96
230
median 136
Groningen: Mean surface solar radiation downwards (1991-2020 normal) in the same year and geography grain
Groningen 124 Higher than 155 of 601 records in the same comparison group Median 136
Employment
Unemployment rate
#216 of 288 · 25th pct · #1 in Netherlands
4.9%d
of population · 2022
Compare with same-grain records from the same year Unemployment rate
Groningen: Unemployment rate in the same year and geography grain Groningen: 4.9%. Higher than 72 of 288 reporting records in the same comparison group. Range 1.3% to 33.0%; median 7.8%.
1.3%
33.0%
median 7.8%
Groningen: Unemployment rate in the same year and geography grain
Groningen 4.9% Higher than 72 of 288 records in the same comparison group Median 7.8%
Education
Share of students in higher education in the total population
#33 of 301 · 89th pct · #1 in Netherlands
165
students per 1000 residents · 2022
Compare with same-grain records from the same year Share of students in higher education in the total population
Groningen: Share of students in higher education in the total population in the same year and geography grain Groningen: 165. Higher than 268 of 301 reporting records in the same comparison group. Range 0 to 579; median 62.
0
579
median 62
Groningen: Share of students in higher education in the total population in the same year and geography grain
Groningen 165 Higher than 268 of 301 records in the same comparison group Median 62
Crude birth rate
Annual live births per 1000 residents for the reported Eurostat geography; not a fertility rate.
#158 of 366 · 56th pct · #28 in Netherlands
8
births per 1000 residents · 2022
Crude death rate
Annual deaths per 1000 residents for the reported Eurostat geography; age structure strongly affects comparisons.
#366 of 400 · 8th pct · #29 in Netherlands
8
deaths per 1000 residents · 2022
Compare with same-grain records from the same year Crude birth rate
Groningen: Crude birth rate in the same year and geography grain Groningen: 8. Higher than 206 of 366 reporting records in the same comparison group. Range 4 to 24; median 8.
4
24
median 8
Groningen: Crude birth rate in the same year and geography grain
Groningen 8 Higher than 206 of 366 records in the same comparison group Median 8
Crude death rate
Groningen: Crude death rate in the same year and geography grain Groningen: 8. Higher than 33 of 400 reporting records in the same comparison group. Range 5 to 20; median 12.
5
20
median 12
Groningen: Crude death rate in the same year and geography grain
Groningen 8 Higher than 33 of 400 records in the same comparison group Median 12
Transport costs
Number of registered cars per 1000 population
#245 of 247 · 1st pct · #32 in Netherlands
331
cars per 1000 population · 2022
Compare with same-grain records from the same year Number of registered cars per 1000 population
Groningen: Number of registered cars per 1000 population in the same year and geography grain Groningen: 331. Higher than 2 of 247 reporting records in the same comparison group. Range 272 to 4,237; median 479.
272
4,237
median 479
Groningen: Number of registered cars per 1000 population in the same year and geography grain
Groningen 331 Higher than 2 of 247 records in the same comparison group Median 479
Country price context (PPP)
Country price level index for GDP
117
EU27_2020=100 · NL · 2024
Resident perception survey
Groningen resident perception survey strongly agreeing it is easy to find good housing at a reasonable price
12.7%
somewhat agreeing it is easy to find good housing at a reasonable price
24.9%
very satisfied with the quality of the air in the city
32.4%
rather satisfied with the quality of the air in the city
50.8%
very satisfied with the noise level in the city
25.5%
rather satisfied with the noise level in the city
54.9%
very satisfied with cleanliness in the city
24.8%
rather satisfied with cleanliness in the city
55.1%
strongly agreeing they are satisfied to live in this city
73.9%
somewhat agreeing they are satisfied to live in this city
21.4%
Feel safe at night — strongly agree
42.1%
Feel safe at night — somewhat agree
41.8%
Transport affordable — strongly agree
28.7%
Transport affordable — somewhat agree
29.6%
Groningen resident perception survey strongly agreeing it is easy to find good housing at a reasonable price 12.7% somewhat agreeing it is easy to find good housing at a reasonable price 24.9% very satisfied with the quality of the air in the city 32.4% rather satisfied with the quality of the air in the city 50.8% very satisfied with the noise level in the city 25.5% rather satisfied with the noise level in the city 54.9% very satisfied with cleanliness in the city 24.8% rather satisfied with cleanliness in the city 55.1% strongly agreeing they are satisfied to live in this city 73.9% somewhat agreeing they are satisfied to live in this city 21.4% Feel safe at night — strongly agree 42.1% Feel safe at night — somewhat agree 41.8% Transport affordable — strongly agree 28.7% Transport affordable — somewhat agree 29.6%
Compare with same-grain records from the same year Share strongly agreeing it is easy to find good housing at a reasonable price
Groningen: Share strongly agreeing it is easy to find good housing at a reasonable price in the same year and geography grain Groningen: 12.7%. Higher than 34 of 50 reporting records in the same comparison group. Range 2.9% to 23.6%; median 9.7%.
2.9%
23.6%
median 9.7%
Groningen: Share strongly agreeing it is easy to find good housing at a reasonable price in the same year and geography grain
Groningen 12.7% Higher than 34 of 50 records in the same comparison group Median 9.7%
Share somewhat agreeing it is easy to find good housing at a reasonable price
Groningen: Share somewhat agreeing it is easy to find good housing at a reasonable price in the same year and geography grain Groningen: 24.9%. Higher than 23 of 50 reporting records in the same comparison group. Range 6% to 47%; median 25.4%.
6%
47%
median 25.4%
Groningen: Share somewhat agreeing it is easy to find good housing at a reasonable price in the same year and geography grain
Groningen 24.9% Higher than 23 of 50 records in the same comparison group Median 25.4%
Share very satisfied with the quality of the air in the city
Groningen: Share very satisfied with the quality of the air in the city in the same year and geography grain Groningen: 32.4%. Higher than 43 of 50 reporting records in the same comparison group. Range 2.6% to 49.2%; median 18.9%.
2.6%
49.2%
median 18.9%
Groningen: Share very satisfied with the quality of the air in the city in the same year and geography grain
Groningen 32.4% Higher than 43 of 50 records in the same comparison group Median 18.9%
Share rather satisfied with the quality of the air in the city
Groningen: Share rather satisfied with the quality of the air in the city in the same year and geography grain Groningen: 50.8%. Higher than 36 of 50 reporting records in the same comparison group. Range 14.2% to 61.7%; median 45.5%.
14.2%
61.7%
median 45.5%
Groningen: Share rather satisfied with the quality of the air in the city in the same year and geography grain
Groningen 50.8% Higher than 36 of 50 records in the same comparison group Median 45.5%
Share very satisfied with the noise level in the city
Groningen: Share very satisfied with the noise level in the city in the same year and geography grain Groningen: 25.5%. Higher than 43 of 50 reporting records in the same comparison group. Range 7.7% to 33%; median 18.7%.
7.7%
33%
median 18.7%
Groningen: Share very satisfied with the noise level in the city in the same year and geography grain
Groningen 25.5% Higher than 43 of 50 records in the same comparison group Median 18.7%
Share rather satisfied with the noise level in the city
Groningen: Share rather satisfied with the noise level in the city in the same year and geography grain Groningen: 54.9%. Higher than 42 of 50 reporting records in the same comparison group. Range 21.1% to 61.3%; median 45.5%.
21.1%
61.3%
median 45.5%
Groningen: Share rather satisfied with the noise level in the city in the same year and geography grain
Groningen 54.9% Higher than 42 of 50 records in the same comparison group Median 45.5%
Share very satisfied with cleanliness in the city
Groningen: Share very satisfied with cleanliness in the city in the same year and geography grain Groningen: 24.8%. Higher than 41 of 50 reporting records in the same comparison group. Range 2.2% to 52.6%; median 15.9%.
2.2%
52.6%
median 15.9%
Groningen: Share very satisfied with cleanliness in the city in the same year and geography grain
Groningen 24.8% Higher than 41 of 50 records in the same comparison group Median 15.9%
Share rather satisfied with cleanliness in the city
Groningen: Share rather satisfied with cleanliness in the city in the same year and geography grain Groningen: 55.1%. Higher than 41 of 50 reporting records in the same comparison group. Range 4% to 66.5%; median 45.2%.
4%
66.5%
median 45.2%
Groningen: Share rather satisfied with cleanliness in the city in the same year and geography grain
Groningen 55.1% Higher than 41 of 50 records in the same comparison group Median 45.2%
Share strongly agreeing they are satisfied to live in this city
Groningen: Share strongly agreeing they are satisfied to live in this city in the same year and geography grain Groningen: 73.9%. Higher than 49 of 50 reporting records in the same comparison group. Range 15.6% to 73.9%; median 53.4%.
15.6%
73.9%
median 53.4%
Groningen: Share strongly agreeing they are satisfied to live in this city in the same year and geography grain
Groningen 73.9% Higher than 49 of 50 records in the same comparison group Median 53.4%
Share somewhat agreeing they are satisfied to live in this city
Groningen: Share somewhat agreeing they are satisfied to live in this city in the same year and geography grain Groningen: 21.4%. Higher than 1 of 50 reporting records in the same comparison group. Range 18.2% to 54.5%; median 34.6%.
18.2%
54.5%
median 34.6%
Groningen: Share somewhat agreeing they are satisfied to live in this city in the same year and geography grain
Groningen 21.4% Higher than 1 of 50 records in the same comparison group Median 34.6%
Share strongly agreeing they feel safe walking alone at night in the city
Groningen: Share strongly agreeing they feel safe walking alone at night in the city in the same year and geography grain Groningen: 42.1%. Higher than 43 of 50 reporting records in the same comparison group. Range 7.2% to 54.1%; median 24.6%.
7.2%
54.1%
median 24.6%
Groningen: Share strongly agreeing they feel safe walking alone at night in the city in the same year and geography grain
Groningen 42.1% Higher than 43 of 50 records in the same comparison group Median 24.6%
Share somewhat agreeing they feel safe walking alone at night in the city
Groningen: Share somewhat agreeing they feel safe walking alone at night in the city in the same year and geography grain Groningen: 41.8%. Higher than 30 of 50 reporting records in the same comparison group. Range 26.1% to 58.5%; median 39.7%.
26.1%
58.5%
median 39.7%
Groningen: Share somewhat agreeing they feel safe walking alone at night in the city in the same year and geography grain
Groningen 41.8% Higher than 30 of 50 records in the same comparison group Median 39.7%
Share strongly agreeing public transport is affordable
Groningen: Share strongly agreeing public transport is affordable in the same year and geography grain Groningen: 28.7%. Higher than 24 of 50 reporting records in the same comparison group. Range 7.5% to 68.3%; median 28.9%.
7.5%
68.3%
median 28.9%
Groningen: Share strongly agreeing public transport is affordable in the same year and geography grain
Groningen 28.7% Higher than 24 of 50 records in the same comparison group Median 28.9%
Share somewhat agreeing public transport is affordable
Groningen: Share somewhat agreeing public transport is affordable in the same year and geography grain Groningen: 29.6%. Higher than 6 of 50 reporting records in the same comparison group. Range 21.1% to 52.6%; median 38.1%.
21.1%
52.6%
median 38.1%
Groningen: Share somewhat agreeing public transport is affordable in the same year and geography grain
Groningen 29.6% Higher than 6 of 50 records in the same comparison group Median 38.1%
Regional context (NUTS) Values describe the city's NUTS region, not the city itself
Regional GDP per inhabitant
€60,900
EUR per inhabitant · NL115 · 2024
Life expectancy at birth, both sexes
Common questions What is the population of Groningen? Groningen had a population of 234,950 on 1 January 2022 (Eurostat city figure), the 74th largest of the 426 reporting city records in the same year.
What is the climate of Groningen? Its 1991–2020 ERA5-Land normal is a mean annual temperature of 10.0 °C (January 2.9 °C, July 17.6 °C) with 843 mm of precipitation a year. This is reanalysis, not station weather.
Not reported for this city: Air quality (EEA annualized), Housing & living costs, Tourism, Culture. Eurostat Urban Audit coverage is voluntary, so some indicators are unavailable for some cities.
Eurostat flags: d = definition differs
Every figure is an official indicator with its source linked. Ranks compare only records with the same reference year and geography grain. See the methodology .
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