Its 1991–2020 climate normal is a mean annual temperature of 13.4 °C with 951 mm of precipitation a year (Copernicus ERA5-Land).
In its wider region (NUTS ITI14), GDP was €46,700 per inhabitant (2023, Eurostat) — a regional figure, not a city value.
This profile reports 26 of the 50 indicators currently tracked for European cities; the rest are not reported for Firenze. Source: official datasets listed in the source registry.
Population & demographics
Population on 1 January, total
#36 of 426 · 92nd pct · #6 in Italy
Population density (population divided by GISCO area)
#16 of 381 · 96th pct · #3 in Italy
3,535
persons per km2 · 2022
Share of population aged 65 and over
#25 of 386 · 93rd pct · #14 in Italy
26.4%
of population · 2022
Compare with same-grain records from the same year Population on 1 January, total
Firenze: Population on 1 January, total in the same year and geography grain Firenze: 361,619. Higher than 390 of 426 reporting records in the same comparison group. Range 38,669 to 3,677,472; median 104,735.
38,669
3,677,472
median 104,735
Firenze: Population on 1 January, total in the same year and geography grain
Firenze 361,619 Higher than 390 of 426 records in the same comparison group Median 104,735
Population density (population divided by GISCO area)
Firenze: Population density (population divided by GISCO area) in the same year and geography grain Firenze: 3,535. Higher than 365 of 381 reporting records in the same comparison group. Range 28 to 9,215; median 1,069.
28
9,215
median 1,069
Firenze: Population density (population divided by GISCO area) in the same year and geography grain
Firenze 3,535 Higher than 365 of 381 records in the same comparison group Median 1,069
Share of population aged 65 and over
Firenze: Share of population aged 65 and over in the same year and geography grain Firenze: 26.4%. Higher than 358 of 386 reporting records in the same comparison group. Range 9.1% to 32.5%; median 20.9%.
9.1%
32.5%
median 20.9%
Firenze: Share of population aged 65 and over in the same year and geography grain
Firenze 26.4% Higher than 358 of 386 records in the same comparison group Median 20.9%
Climate (ERA5-Land normals)
Firenze climate by month Firenze monthly 1991-2020 normals. Temperature 4.4°C to 23.6°C; warmest Aug, coldest Jan. Precipitation up to 132mm per month.
25 250 20 200 15 150 10 100 5 50 0 0
°C
mm
J F M A M J J A S O N D
● mean temperature (°C, left) · ▮ precipitation (mm, right) Firenze monthly climate normals Month Temp Precip Jan 4.4°C 73mm Feb 5.1°C 81mm Mar 8.4°C 78mm Apr 11.8°C 88mm May 16.1°C 76mm Jun 20.5°C 50mm Jul 23.5°C 33mm Aug 23.6°C 35mm Sep 18.8°C 84mm Oct 14.1°C 119mm Nov 9.2°C 132mm Dec 5.3°C 102mm
ERA5-Land 1991–2020 normals.
Mean annual air temperature (1991-2020 normal)
#147 of 601 · 75th pct · #57 in Italy
13.4
°C · centroid · 1991-2020
Mean January air temperature (1991-2020 normal)
#173 of 601 · 71st pct · #46 in Italy
4.4
°C · centroid · 1991-2020
Mean July air temperature (1991-2020 normal)
#128 of 601 · 79th pct · #61 in Italy
23.5
°C · centroid · 1991-2020
Mean annual precipitation (1991-2020 normal)
ERA5-Land reanalysis total precipitation at the city centroid grid cell; not station weather.
#140 of 601 · 77th pct · #37 in Italy
951
mm per year · centroid · 1991-2020
Mean surface solar radiation downwards (1991-2020 normal)
ERA5-Land mean surface solar radiation; this is irradiance, NOT sunshine hours.
#164 of 601 · 73rd pct · #52 in Italy
165
W per m2 · centroid · 1991-2020
Compare with same-grain records from the same year Mean annual air temperature (1991-2020 normal)
Firenze: Mean annual air temperature (1991-2020 normal) in the same year and geography grain Firenze: 13.4. Higher than 453 of 601 reporting records in the same comparison group. Range 1.3 to 24.5; median 10.6.
1.3
24.5
median 10.6
Firenze: Mean annual air temperature (1991-2020 normal) in the same year and geography grain
Firenze 13.4 Higher than 453 of 601 records in the same comparison group Median 10.6
Mean January air temperature (1991-2020 normal)
Firenze: Mean January air temperature (1991-2020 normal) in the same year and geography grain Firenze: 4.4. Higher than 427 of 601 reporting records in the same comparison group. Range -9.3 to 13.5; median 2.6.
-9.3
13.5
median 2.6
Firenze: Mean January air temperature (1991-2020 normal) in the same year and geography grain
Firenze 4.4 Higher than 427 of 601 records in the same comparison group Median 2.6
Mean July air temperature (1991-2020 normal)
Firenze: Mean July air temperature (1991-2020 normal) in the same year and geography grain Firenze: 23.5. Higher than 473 of 601 reporting records in the same comparison group. Range 12.5 to 38.1; median 19.3.
12.5
38.1
median 19.3
Firenze: Mean July air temperature (1991-2020 normal) in the same year and geography grain
Firenze 23.5 Higher than 473 of 601 records in the same comparison group Median 19.3
Mean annual precipitation (1991-2020 normal)
Firenze: Mean annual precipitation (1991-2020 normal) in the same year and geography grain Firenze: 951. Higher than 461 of 601 reporting records in the same comparison group. Range 261 to 2,516; median 816.
261
2,516
median 816
Firenze: Mean annual precipitation (1991-2020 normal) in the same year and geography grain
Firenze 951 Higher than 461 of 601 records in the same comparison group Median 816
Mean surface solar radiation downwards (1991-2020 normal)
Firenze: Mean surface solar radiation downwards (1991-2020 normal) in the same year and geography grain Firenze: 165. Higher than 437 of 601 reporting records in the same comparison group. Range 96 to 230; median 136.
96
230
median 136
Firenze: Mean surface solar radiation downwards (1991-2020 normal) in the same year and geography grain
Firenze 165 Higher than 437 of 601 records in the same comparison group Median 136
Air quality (EEA annualized)
Annual mean NO2 concentration from EEA monthly city averages
#60 of 329 · 82nd pct · #23 in Italy
Annual mean O3 concentration from EEA monthly city averages
#85 of 281 · 70th pct · #15 in Italy
Annual mean PM2.5 concentration from EEA monthly city averages
#79 of 298 · 73rd pct · #25 in Italy
Compare with same-grain records from the same year Annual mean NO2 concentration from EEA monthly city averages
Firenze: Annual mean NO2 concentration from EEA monthly city averages in the same year and geography grain Firenze: 22. Higher than 269 of 329 reporting records in the same comparison group. Range 5 to 35; median 16.
5
35
median 16
Firenze: Annual mean NO2 concentration from EEA monthly city averages in the same year and geography grain
Firenze 22 Higher than 269 of 329 records in the same comparison group Median 16
Annual mean O3 concentration from EEA monthly city averages
Firenze: Annual mean O3 concentration from EEA monthly city averages in the same year and geography grain Firenze: 55. Higher than 196 of 281 reporting records in the same comparison group. Range 33 to 81; median 52.
33
81
median 52
Firenze: Annual mean O3 concentration from EEA monthly city averages in the same year and geography grain
Firenze 55 Higher than 196 of 281 records in the same comparison group Median 52
Annual mean PM2.5 concentration from EEA monthly city averages
Firenze: Annual mean PM2.5 concentration from EEA monthly city averages in the same year and geography grain Firenze: 13. Higher than 219 of 298 reporting records in the same comparison group. Range 3 to 22; median 9.
3
22
median 9
Firenze: Annual mean PM2.5 concentration from EEA monthly city averages in the same year and geography grain
Firenze 13 Higher than 219 of 298 records in the same comparison group Median 9
Unemployment rate
Eurostat city or greater-city unemployment rate for the stated year; national definitions and observation flags still apply.
#162 of 288 · 43rd pct · #54 in Italy
Total employment/jobs (workplace based)
Workplace-based jobs reported for the Eurostat city or greater-city geography; not employed residents or job openings.
#58 of 411 · 86th pct · #5 in Italy
Compare with same-grain records from the same year Unemployment rate
Firenze: Unemployment rate in the same year and geography grain Firenze: 6.8%. Higher than 125 of 288 reporting records in the same comparison group. Range 1.3% to 33.0%; median 7.8%.
1.3%
33.0%
median 7.8%
Firenze: Unemployment rate in the same year and geography grain
Firenze 6.8% Higher than 125 of 288 records in the same comparison group Median 7.8%
Total employment/jobs (workplace based)
Firenze: Total employment/jobs (workplace based) in the same year and geography grain Firenze: 163,539. Higher than 353 of 411 reporting records in the same comparison group. Range 8,769 to 2,091,000; median 54,000.
8,769
2,091,000
median 54,000
Firenze: Total employment/jobs (workplace based) in the same year and geography grain
Firenze 163,539 Higher than 353 of 411 records in the same comparison group Median 54,000
Crude birth rate
Annual live births per 1000 residents for the reported Eurostat geography; not a fertility rate.
#309 of 366 · 15th pct · #47 in Italy
6
births per 1000 residents · 2022
Crude death rate
Annual deaths per 1000 residents for the reported Eurostat geography; age structure strongly affects comparisons.
#95 of 400 · 76th pct · #13 in Italy
14
deaths per 1000 residents · 2022
Compare with same-grain records from the same year Crude birth rate
Firenze: Crude birth rate in the same year and geography grain Firenze: 6. Higher than 56 of 366 reporting records in the same comparison group. Range 4 to 24; median 8.
4
24
median 8
Firenze: Crude birth rate in the same year and geography grain
Firenze 6 Higher than 56 of 366 records in the same comparison group Median 8
Crude death rate
Firenze: Crude death rate in the same year and geography grain Firenze: 14. Higher than 303 of 400 reporting records in the same comparison group. Range 5 to 20; median 12.
5
20
median 12
Firenze: Crude death rate in the same year and geography grain
Firenze 14 Higher than 303 of 400 records in the same comparison group Median 12
Number of registered cars per 1000 population
Registered cars per resident, not congestion, traffic speed or household car access.
#79 of 247 · 68th pct · #71 in Italy
550
cars per 1000 population · 2022
People killed in road accidents per 10000 population
Small annual rates can be volatile; do not present as a full traffic-safety score.
#141 of 358 · 59th pct · #58 in Italy
0
deaths per 10000 population · 2022
Length of bicycle network (dedicated cycle paths and lanes)
Reported Eurostat infrastructure length; not a cycling-mode-share or safety measure.
#183 of 328 · 44th pct · #16 in Italy
Compare with same-grain records from the same year Number of registered cars per 1000 population
Firenze: Number of registered cars per 1000 population in the same year and geography grain Firenze: 550. Higher than 168 of 247 reporting records in the same comparison group. Range 272 to 4,237; median 479.
272
4,237
median 479
Firenze: Number of registered cars per 1000 population in the same year and geography grain
Firenze 550 Higher than 168 of 247 records in the same comparison group Median 479
People killed in road accidents per 10000 population
Firenze: People killed in road accidents per 10000 population in the same year and geography grain Firenze: 0. Higher than 211 of 358 reporting records in the same comparison group. Range 0 to 2; median 0.
0
2
median 0
Firenze: People killed in road accidents per 10000 population in the same year and geography grain
Firenze 0 Higher than 211 of 358 records in the same comparison group Median 0
Length of bicycle network (dedicated cycle paths and lanes)
Firenze: Length of bicycle network (dedicated cycle paths and lanes) in the same year and geography grain Firenze: 90. Higher than 145 of 328 reporting records in the same comparison group. Range 0 to 1,073,473; median 138.
0
1,073,473
median 138
Firenze: Length of bicycle network (dedicated cycle paths and lanes) in the same year and geography grain
Firenze 90 Higher than 145 of 328 records in the same comparison group Median 138
Country price context (PPP)
Country price level index for GDP
96
EU27_2020=100 · IT · 2024
Total nights spent in tourist accommodation establishments
#3 of 92 · 97th pct · #3 in Italy
7,384,354
nights / year · 2022
Nights spent in tourist accommodation establishments by residents
#5 of 78 · 94th pct · #5 in Italy
1,901,306
nights / year · 2022
Nights spent in tourist accommodation establishments by non-residents
#3 of 78 · 96th pct · #3 in Italy
5,483,048
nights / year · 2022
Compare with same-grain records from the same year Total nights spent in tourist accommodation establishments
Firenze: Total nights spent in tourist accommodation establishments in the same year and geography grain Firenze: 7,384,354. Higher than 89 of 92 reporting records in the same comparison group. Range 0 to 29,246,038; median 294,774.
0
29,246,038
median 294,774
Firenze: Total nights spent in tourist accommodation establishments in the same year and geography grain
Firenze 7,384,354 Higher than 89 of 92 records in the same comparison group Median 294,774
Nights spent in tourist accommodation establishments by residents
Firenze: Nights spent in tourist accommodation establishments by residents in the same year and geography grain Firenze: 1,901,306. Higher than 73 of 78 reporting records in the same comparison group. Range 11,647 to 10,408,868; median 177,863.
11,647
10,408,868
median 177,863
Firenze: Nights spent in tourist accommodation establishments by residents in the same year and geography grain
Firenze 1,901,306 Higher than 73 of 78 records in the same comparison group Median 177,863
Nights spent in tourist accommodation establishments by non-residents
Firenze: Nights spent in tourist accommodation establishments by non-residents in the same year and geography grain Firenze: 5,483,048. Higher than 75 of 78 reporting records in the same comparison group. Range 3,119 to 18,837,170; median 108,214.
3,119
18,837,170
median 108,214
Firenze: Nights spent in tourist accommodation establishments by non-residents in the same year and geography grain
Firenze 5,483,048 Higher than 75 of 78 records in the same comparison group Median 108,214
Number of museum visitors per year
Museum visitor count where reported; not a count of museums or all cultural visits.
#3 of 226 · 99th pct · #2 in Italy
9,568,232
visits per year · 2022
Number of public libraries (all distribution points)
Library distribution points where reported; not library visits or service quality.
#4 of 425 · 99th pct · #2 in Italy
Compare with same-grain records from the same year Number of museum visitors per year
Firenze: Number of museum visitors per year in the same year and geography grain Firenze: 9,568,232. Higher than 223 of 226 reporting records in the same comparison group. Range 0 to 23,305,990; median 60,998.
0
23,305,990
median 60,998
Firenze: Number of museum visitors per year in the same year and geography grain
Firenze 9,568,232 Higher than 223 of 226 records in the same comparison group Median 60,998
Number of public libraries (all distribution points)
Firenze: Number of public libraries (all distribution points) in the same year and geography grain Firenze: 83. Higher than 420 of 425 reporting records in the same comparison group. Range 1 to 336; median 8.
1
336
median 8
Firenze: Number of public libraries (all distribution points) in the same year and geography grain
Firenze 83 Higher than 420 of 425 records in the same comparison group Median 8
Regional context (NUTS) Values describe the city's NUTS region, not the city itself
Regional GDP per inhabitant
€46,700
EUR per inhabitant · ITI14 · 2023
Life expectancy at birth, both sexes
Common questions What is the population of Firenze? Firenze had a population of 361,619 on 1 January 2022 (Eurostat city figure), the 36th largest of the 426 reporting city records in the same year.
What is the climate of Firenze? Its 1991–2020 ERA5-Land normal is a mean annual temperature of 13.4 °C (January 4.4 °C, July 23.5 °C) with 951 mm of precipitation a year. This is reanalysis, not station weather.
Not reported for this city: Housing & living costs, Education, Resident perception survey. Eurostat Urban Audit coverage is voluntary, so some indicators are unavailable for some cities.
Eurostat flags: b = break in time series
Every figure is an official indicator with its source linked. Ranks compare only records with the same reference year and geography grain. See the methodology .
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