Its 1991–2020 climate normal is a mean annual temperature of 13.7 °C with 921 mm of precipitation a year (Copernicus ERA5-Land).
In its wider region (NUTS ITH54), GDP was €48,600 per inhabitant (2023, Eurostat) — a regional figure, not a city value.
This profile reports 26 of the 50 indicators currently tracked for European cities; the rest are not reported for Modena. Source: official datasets listed in the source registry.
Population & demographics
Population on 1 January, total
#100 of 426 · 77th pct · #17 in Italy
Population density (population divided by GISCO area)
#205 of 381 · 46th pct · #31 in Italy
1,009
persons per km2 · 2022
Share of population aged 65 and over
#77 of 386 · 80th pct · #48 in Italy
24.3%
of population · 2022
Compare with same-grain records from the same year Population on 1 January, total
Modena: Population on 1 January, total in the same year and geography grain Modena: 184,971. Higher than 326 of 426 reporting records in the same comparison group. Range 38,669 to 3,677,472; median 104,735.
38,669
3,677,472
median 104,735
Modena: Population on 1 January, total in the same year and geography grain
Modena 184,971 Higher than 326 of 426 records in the same comparison group Median 104,735
Population density (population divided by GISCO area)
Modena: Population density (population divided by GISCO area) in the same year and geography grain Modena: 1,009. Higher than 176 of 381 reporting records in the same comparison group. Range 28 to 9,215; median 1,069.
28
9,215
median 1,069
Modena: Population density (population divided by GISCO area) in the same year and geography grain
Modena 1,009 Higher than 176 of 381 records in the same comparison group Median 1,069
Share of population aged 65 and over
Modena: Share of population aged 65 and over in the same year and geography grain Modena: 24.3%. Higher than 307 of 386 reporting records in the same comparison group. Range 9.1% to 32.5%; median 20.9%.
9.1%
32.5%
median 20.9%
Modena: Share of population aged 65 and over in the same year and geography grain
Modena 24.3% Higher than 307 of 386 records in the same comparison group Median 20.9%
Climate (ERA5-Land normals)
Modena climate by month Modena monthly 1991-2020 normals. Temperature 3.5°C to 24.6°C; warmest Jul, coldest Jan. Precipitation up to 103mm per month.
25 125 20 100 15 75 10 50 5 25 0 0
°C
mm
J F M A M J J A S O N D
● mean temperature (°C, left) · ▮ precipitation (mm, right) Modena monthly climate normals Month Temp Precip Jan 3.5°C 56mm Feb 4.7°C 72mm Mar 8.8°C 73mm Apr 12.6°C 90mm May 17.3°C 93mm Jun 21.8°C 69mm Jul 24.6°C 52mm Aug 24.2°C 63mm Sep 19.2°C 84mm Oct 14.2°C 91mm Nov 8.8°C 103mm Dec 4.2°C 77mm
ERA5-Land 1991–2020 normals.
Mean annual air temperature (1991-2020 normal)
#135 of 601 · 77th pct · #51 in Italy
13.7
°C · centroid · 1991-2020
Mean January air temperature (1991-2020 normal)
#225 of 601 · 62nd pct · #55 in Italy
3.5
°C · centroid · 1991-2020
Mean July air temperature (1991-2020 normal)
#84 of 601 · 86th pct · #36 in Italy
24.6
°C · centroid · 1991-2020
Mean annual precipitation (1991-2020 normal)
ERA5-Land reanalysis total precipitation at the city centroid grid cell; not station weather.
#159 of 601 · 74th pct · #43 in Italy
921
mm per year · centroid · 1991-2020
Mean surface solar radiation downwards (1991-2020 normal)
ERA5-Land mean surface solar radiation; this is irradiance, NOT sunshine hours.
#168 of 601 · 72nd pct · #56 in Italy
165
W per m2 · centroid · 1991-2020
Compare with same-grain records from the same year Mean annual air temperature (1991-2020 normal)
Modena: Mean annual air temperature (1991-2020 normal) in the same year and geography grain Modena: 13.7. Higher than 465 of 601 reporting records in the same comparison group. Range 1.3 to 24.5; median 10.6.
1.3
24.5
median 10.6
Modena: Mean annual air temperature (1991-2020 normal) in the same year and geography grain
Modena 13.7 Higher than 465 of 601 records in the same comparison group Median 10.6
Mean January air temperature (1991-2020 normal)
Modena: Mean January air temperature (1991-2020 normal) in the same year and geography grain Modena: 3.5. Higher than 374 of 601 reporting records in the same comparison group. Range -9.3 to 13.5; median 2.6.
-9.3
13.5
median 2.6
Modena: Mean January air temperature (1991-2020 normal) in the same year and geography grain
Modena 3.5 Higher than 374 of 601 records in the same comparison group Median 2.6
Mean July air temperature (1991-2020 normal)
Modena: Mean July air temperature (1991-2020 normal) in the same year and geography grain Modena: 24.6. Higher than 517 of 601 reporting records in the same comparison group. Range 12.5 to 38.1; median 19.3.
12.5
38.1
median 19.3
Modena: Mean July air temperature (1991-2020 normal) in the same year and geography grain
Modena 24.6 Higher than 517 of 601 records in the same comparison group Median 19.3
Mean annual precipitation (1991-2020 normal)
Modena: Mean annual precipitation (1991-2020 normal) in the same year and geography grain Modena: 921. Higher than 442 of 601 reporting records in the same comparison group. Range 261 to 2,516; median 816.
261
2,516
median 816
Modena: Mean annual precipitation (1991-2020 normal) in the same year and geography grain
Modena 921 Higher than 442 of 601 records in the same comparison group Median 816
Mean surface solar radiation downwards (1991-2020 normal)
Modena: Mean surface solar radiation downwards (1991-2020 normal) in the same year and geography grain Modena: 165. Higher than 433 of 601 reporting records in the same comparison group. Range 96 to 230; median 136.
96
230
median 136
Modena: Mean surface solar radiation downwards (1991-2020 normal) in the same year and geography grain
Modena 165 Higher than 433 of 601 records in the same comparison group Median 136
Air quality (EEA annualized)
Annual mean NO2 concentration from EEA monthly city averages
#10 of 329 · 97th pct · #4 in Italy
Annual mean O3 concentration from EEA monthly city averages
#242 of 281 · 14th pct · #35 in Italy
Annual mean PM2.5 concentration from EEA monthly city averages
#10 of 298 · 97th pct · #7 in Italy
Compare with same-grain records from the same year Annual mean NO2 concentration from EEA monthly city averages
Modena: Annual mean NO2 concentration from EEA monthly city averages in the same year and geography grain Modena: 29. Higher than 319 of 329 reporting records in the same comparison group. Range 5 to 35; median 16.
5
35
median 16
Modena: Annual mean NO2 concentration from EEA monthly city averages in the same year and geography grain
Modena 29 Higher than 319 of 329 records in the same comparison group Median 16
Annual mean O3 concentration from EEA monthly city averages
Modena: Annual mean O3 concentration from EEA monthly city averages in the same year and geography grain Modena: 44. Higher than 39 of 281 reporting records in the same comparison group. Range 33 to 81; median 52.
33
81
median 52
Modena: Annual mean O3 concentration from EEA monthly city averages in the same year and geography grain
Modena 44 Higher than 39 of 281 records in the same comparison group Median 52
Annual mean PM2.5 concentration from EEA monthly city averages
Modena: Annual mean PM2.5 concentration from EEA monthly city averages in the same year and geography grain Modena: 19. Higher than 288 of 298 reporting records in the same comparison group. Range 3 to 22; median 9.
3
22
median 9
Modena: Annual mean PM2.5 concentration from EEA monthly city averages in the same year and geography grain
Modena 19 Higher than 288 of 298 records in the same comparison group Median 9
Unemployment rate
Eurostat city or greater-city unemployment rate for the stated year; national definitions and observation flags still apply.
#196 of 288 · 32nd pct · #73 in Italy
Total employment/jobs (workplace based)
Workplace-based jobs reported for the Eurostat city or greater-city geography; not employed residents or job openings.
#116 of 411 · 72nd pct · #12 in Italy
Compare with same-grain records from the same year Unemployment rate
Modena: Unemployment rate in the same year and geography grain Modena: 5.4%. Higher than 92 of 288 reporting records in the same comparison group. Range 1.3% to 33.0%; median 7.8%.
1.3%
33.0%
median 7.8%
Modena: Unemployment rate in the same year and geography grain
Modena 5.4% Higher than 92 of 288 records in the same comparison group Median 7.8%
Total employment/jobs (workplace based)
Modena: Total employment/jobs (workplace based) in the same year and geography grain Modena: 93,955. Higher than 295 of 411 reporting records in the same comparison group. Range 8,769 to 2,091,000; median 54,000.
8,769
2,091,000
median 54,000
Modena: Total employment/jobs (workplace based) in the same year and geography grain
Modena 93,955 Higher than 295 of 411 records in the same comparison group Median 54,000
Crude birth rate
Annual live births per 1000 residents for the reported Eurostat geography; not a fertility rate.
#238 of 366 · 35th pct · #16 in Italy
7
births per 1000 residents · 2022
Crude death rate
Annual deaths per 1000 residents for the reported Eurostat geography; age structure strongly affects comparisons.
#200 of 400 · 50th pct · #54 in Italy
12
deaths per 1000 residents · 2022
Compare with same-grain records from the same year Crude birth rate
Modena: Crude birth rate in the same year and geography grain Modena: 7. Higher than 128 of 366 reporting records in the same comparison group. Range 4 to 24; median 8.
4
24
median 8
Modena: Crude birth rate in the same year and geography grain
Modena 7 Higher than 128 of 366 records in the same comparison group Median 8
Crude death rate
Modena: Crude death rate in the same year and geography grain Modena: 12. Higher than 199 of 400 reporting records in the same comparison group. Range 5 to 20; median 12.
5
20
median 12
Modena: Crude death rate in the same year and geography grain
Modena 12 Higher than 199 of 400 records in the same comparison group Median 12
Number of registered cars per 1000 population
Registered cars per resident, not congestion, traffic speed or household car access.
#26 of 247 · 89th pct · #25 in Italy
665
cars per 1000 population · 2022
People killed in road accidents per 10000 population
Small annual rates can be volatile; do not present as a full traffic-safety score.
#68 of 358 · 80th pct · #32 in Italy
0
deaths per 10000 population · 2022
Length of bicycle network (dedicated cycle paths and lanes)
Reported Eurostat infrastructure length; not a cycling-mode-share or safety measure.
#146 of 328 · 55th pct · #3 in Italy
Compare with same-grain records from the same year Number of registered cars per 1000 population
Modena: Number of registered cars per 1000 population in the same year and geography grain Modena: 665. Higher than 221 of 247 reporting records in the same comparison group. Range 272 to 4,237; median 479.
272
4,237
median 479
Modena: Number of registered cars per 1000 population in the same year and geography grain
Modena 665 Higher than 221 of 247 records in the same comparison group Median 479
People killed in road accidents per 10000 population
Modena: People killed in road accidents per 10000 population in the same year and geography grain Modena: 0. Higher than 288 of 358 reporting records in the same comparison group. Range 0 to 2; median 0.
0
2
median 0
Modena: People killed in road accidents per 10000 population in the same year and geography grain
Modena 0 Higher than 288 of 358 records in the same comparison group Median 0
Length of bicycle network (dedicated cycle paths and lanes)
Modena: Length of bicycle network (dedicated cycle paths and lanes) in the same year and geography grain Modena: 241. Higher than 182 of 328 reporting records in the same comparison group. Range 0 to 1,073,473; median 138.
0
1,073,473
median 138
Modena: Length of bicycle network (dedicated cycle paths and lanes) in the same year and geography grain
Modena 241 Higher than 182 of 328 records in the same comparison group Median 138
Country price context (PPP)
Country price level index for GDP
96
EU27_2020=100 · IT · 2024
Total nights spent in tourist accommodation establishments
#29 of 92 · 68th pct · #27 in Italy
589,643
nights / year · 2022
Nights spent in tourist accommodation establishments by residents
#24 of 78 · 69th pct · #24 in Italy
388,628
nights / year · 2022
Nights spent in tourist accommodation establishments by non-residents
#27 of 78 · 65th pct · #27 in Italy
201,015
nights / year · 2022
Compare with same-grain records from the same year Total nights spent in tourist accommodation establishments
Modena: Total nights spent in tourist accommodation establishments in the same year and geography grain Modena: 589,643. Higher than 63 of 92 reporting records in the same comparison group. Range 0 to 29,246,038; median 294,774.
0
29,246,038
median 294,774
Modena: Total nights spent in tourist accommodation establishments in the same year and geography grain
Modena 589,643 Higher than 63 of 92 records in the same comparison group Median 294,774
Nights spent in tourist accommodation establishments by residents
Modena: Nights spent in tourist accommodation establishments by residents in the same year and geography grain Modena: 388,628. Higher than 54 of 78 reporting records in the same comparison group. Range 11,647 to 10,408,868; median 177,863.
11,647
10,408,868
median 177,863
Modena: Nights spent in tourist accommodation establishments by residents in the same year and geography grain
Modena 388,628 Higher than 54 of 78 records in the same comparison group Median 177,863
Nights spent in tourist accommodation establishments by non-residents
Modena: Nights spent in tourist accommodation establishments by non-residents in the same year and geography grain Modena: 201,015. Higher than 51 of 78 reporting records in the same comparison group. Range 3,119 to 18,837,170; median 108,214.
3,119
18,837,170
median 108,214
Modena: Nights spent in tourist accommodation establishments by non-residents in the same year and geography grain
Modena 201,015 Higher than 51 of 78 records in the same comparison group Median 108,214
Number of museum visitors per year
Museum visitor count where reported; not a count of museums or all cultural visits.
#45 of 226 · 80th pct · #20 in Italy
345,646
visits per year · 2022
Number of public libraries (all distribution points)
Library distribution points where reported; not library visits or service quality.
#30 of 425 · 93rd pct · #11 in Italy
Compare with same-grain records from the same year Number of museum visitors per year
Modena: Number of museum visitors per year in the same year and geography grain Modena: 345,646. Higher than 181 of 226 reporting records in the same comparison group. Range 0 to 23,305,990; median 60,998.
0
23,305,990
median 60,998
Modena: Number of museum visitors per year in the same year and geography grain
Modena 345,646 Higher than 181 of 226 records in the same comparison group Median 60,998
Number of public libraries (all distribution points)
Modena: Number of public libraries (all distribution points) in the same year and geography grain Modena: 30. Higher than 394 of 425 reporting records in the same comparison group. Range 1 to 336; median 8.
1
336
median 8
Modena: Number of public libraries (all distribution points) in the same year and geography grain
Modena 30 Higher than 394 of 425 records in the same comparison group Median 8
Regional context (NUTS) Values describe the city's NUTS region, not the city itself
Regional GDP per inhabitant
€48,600
EUR per inhabitant · ITH54 · 2023
Life expectancy at birth, both sexes
Common questions What is the population of Modena? Modena had a population of 184,971 on 1 January 2022 (Eurostat city figure), the 100th largest of the 426 reporting city records in the same year.
What is the climate of Modena? Its 1991–2020 ERA5-Land normal is a mean annual temperature of 13.7 °C (January 3.5 °C, July 24.6 °C) with 921 mm of precipitation a year. This is reanalysis, not station weather.
Not reported for this city: Housing & living costs, Education, Resident perception survey. Eurostat Urban Audit coverage is voluntary, so some indicators are unavailable for some cities.
Eurostat flags: b = break in time series
Every figure is an official indicator with its source linked. Ranks compare only records with the same reference year and geography grain. See the methodology .
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