Its 1991–2020 climate normal is a mean annual temperature of 13.7 °C with 821 mm of precipitation a year (Copernicus ERA5-Land).
In its wider region (NUTS ITH52), GDP was €47,400 per inhabitant (2023, Eurostat) — a regional figure, not a city value.
This profile reports 25 of the 50 indicators currently tracked for European cities; the rest are not reported for Parma. Source: official datasets listed in the source registry.
Population & demographics
Population on 1 January, total
#95 of 426 · 78th pct · #14 in Italy
Population density (population divided by GISCO area)
#258 of 381 · 32nd pct · #43 in Italy
750
persons per km2 · 2022
Share of population aged 65 and over
#130 of 386 · 66th pct · #63 in Italy
22.4%
of population · 2022
Compare with same-grain records from the same year Population on 1 January, total
Parma: Population on 1 January, total in the same year and geography grain Parma: 195,436. Higher than 331 of 426 reporting records in the same comparison group. Range 38,669 to 3,677,472; median 104,735.
38,669
3,677,472
median 104,735
Parma: Population on 1 January, total in the same year and geography grain
Parma 195,436 Higher than 331 of 426 records in the same comparison group Median 104,735
Population density (population divided by GISCO area)
Parma: Population density (population divided by GISCO area) in the same year and geography grain Parma: 750. Higher than 123 of 381 reporting records in the same comparison group. Range 28 to 9,215; median 1,069.
28
9,215
median 1,069
Parma: Population density (population divided by GISCO area) in the same year and geography grain
Parma 750 Higher than 123 of 381 records in the same comparison group Median 1,069
Share of population aged 65 and over
Parma: Share of population aged 65 and over in the same year and geography grain Parma: 22.4%. Higher than 255 of 386 reporting records in the same comparison group. Range 9.1% to 32.5%; median 20.9%.
9.1%
32.5%
median 20.9%
Parma: Share of population aged 65 and over in the same year and geography grain
Parma 22.4% Higher than 255 of 386 records in the same comparison group Median 20.9%
Climate (ERA5-Land normals)
Parma climate by month Parma monthly 1991-2020 normals. Temperature 3.2°C to 24.8°C; warmest Jul, coldest Jan. Precipitation up to 96mm per month.
25 100 20 80 15 60 10 40 5 20 0 0
°C
mm
J F M A M J J A S O N D
● mean temperature (°C, left) · ▮ precipitation (mm, right) Parma monthly climate normals Month Temp Precip Jan 3.2°C 56mm Feb 4.6°C 64mm Mar 8.8°C 66mm Apr 12.6°C 82mm May 17.4°C 77mm Jun 22.0°C 55mm Jul 24.8°C 38mm Aug 24.5°C 50mm Sep 19.3°C 74mm Oct 14.1°C 89mm Nov 8.5°C 96mm Dec 3.9°C 73mm
ERA5-Land 1991–2020 normals.
Mean annual air temperature (1991-2020 normal)
#137 of 601 · 77th pct · #53 in Italy
13.7
°C · centroid · 1991-2020
Mean January air temperature (1991-2020 normal)
#245 of 601 · 59th pct · #59 in Italy
3.2
°C · centroid · 1991-2020
Mean July air temperature (1991-2020 normal)
#75 of 601 · 88th pct · #29 in Italy
24.8
°C · centroid · 1991-2020
Mean annual precipitation (1991-2020 normal)
ERA5-Land reanalysis total precipitation at the city centroid grid cell; not station weather.
#294 of 601 · 51st pct · #53 in Italy
821
mm per year · centroid · 1991-2020
Mean surface solar radiation downwards (1991-2020 normal)
ERA5-Land mean surface solar radiation; this is irradiance, NOT sunshine hours.
#174 of 601 · 71st pct · #60 in Italy
164
W per m2 · centroid · 1991-2020
Compare with same-grain records from the same year Mean annual air temperature (1991-2020 normal)
Parma: Mean annual air temperature (1991-2020 normal) in the same year and geography grain Parma: 13.7. Higher than 464 of 601 reporting records in the same comparison group. Range 1.3 to 24.5; median 10.6.
1.3
24.5
median 10.6
Parma: Mean annual air temperature (1991-2020 normal) in the same year and geography grain
Parma 13.7 Higher than 464 of 601 records in the same comparison group Median 10.6
Mean January air temperature (1991-2020 normal)
Parma: Mean January air temperature (1991-2020 normal) in the same year and geography grain Parma: 3.2. Higher than 355 of 601 reporting records in the same comparison group. Range -9.3 to 13.5; median 2.6.
-9.3
13.5
median 2.6
Parma: Mean January air temperature (1991-2020 normal) in the same year and geography grain
Parma 3.2 Higher than 355 of 601 records in the same comparison group Median 2.6
Mean July air temperature (1991-2020 normal)
Parma: Mean July air temperature (1991-2020 normal) in the same year and geography grain Parma: 24.8. Higher than 526 of 601 reporting records in the same comparison group. Range 12.5 to 38.1; median 19.3.
12.5
38.1
median 19.3
Parma: Mean July air temperature (1991-2020 normal) in the same year and geography grain
Parma 24.8 Higher than 526 of 601 records in the same comparison group Median 19.3
Mean annual precipitation (1991-2020 normal)
Parma: Mean annual precipitation (1991-2020 normal) in the same year and geography grain Parma: 821. Higher than 307 of 601 reporting records in the same comparison group. Range 261 to 2,516; median 816.
261
2,516
median 816
Parma: Mean annual precipitation (1991-2020 normal) in the same year and geography grain
Parma 821 Higher than 307 of 601 records in the same comparison group Median 816
Mean surface solar radiation downwards (1991-2020 normal)
Parma: Mean surface solar radiation downwards (1991-2020 normal) in the same year and geography grain Parma: 164. Higher than 427 of 601 reporting records in the same comparison group. Range 96 to 230; median 136.
96
230
median 136
Parma: Mean surface solar radiation downwards (1991-2020 normal) in the same year and geography grain
Parma 164 Higher than 427 of 601 records in the same comparison group Median 136
Air quality (EEA annualized)
Annual mean NO2 concentration from EEA monthly city averages
#109 of 329 · 67th pct · #32 in Italy
Annual mean O3 concentration from EEA monthly city averages
#254 of 281 · 10th pct · #38 in Italy
Compare with same-grain records from the same year Annual mean NO2 concentration from EEA monthly city averages
Parma: Annual mean NO2 concentration from EEA monthly city averages in the same year and geography grain Parma: 19. Higher than 220 of 329 reporting records in the same comparison group. Range 5 to 35; median 16.
5
35
median 16
Parma: Annual mean NO2 concentration from EEA monthly city averages in the same year and geography grain
Parma 19 Higher than 220 of 329 records in the same comparison group Median 16
Annual mean O3 concentration from EEA monthly city averages
Parma: Annual mean O3 concentration from EEA monthly city averages in the same year and geography grain Parma: 42. Higher than 27 of 281 reporting records in the same comparison group. Range 33 to 81; median 52.
33
81
median 52
Parma: Annual mean O3 concentration from EEA monthly city averages in the same year and geography grain
Parma 42 Higher than 27 of 281 records in the same comparison group Median 52
Unemployment rate
Eurostat city or greater-city unemployment rate for the stated year; national definitions and observation flags still apply.
#212 of 288 · 26th pct · #75 in Italy
Total employment/jobs (workplace based)
Workplace-based jobs reported for the Eurostat city or greater-city geography; not employed residents or job openings.
#122 of 411 · 70th pct · #14 in Italy
Compare with same-grain records from the same year Unemployment rate
Parma: Unemployment rate in the same year and geography grain Parma: 4.9%. Higher than 76 of 288 reporting records in the same comparison group. Range 1.3% to 33.0%; median 7.8%.
1.3%
33.0%
median 7.8%
Parma: Unemployment rate in the same year and geography grain
Parma 4.9% Higher than 76 of 288 records in the same comparison group Median 7.8%
Total employment/jobs (workplace based)
Parma: Total employment/jobs (workplace based) in the same year and geography grain Parma: 87,724. Higher than 289 of 411 reporting records in the same comparison group. Range 8,769 to 2,091,000; median 54,000.
8,769
2,091,000
median 54,000
Parma: Total employment/jobs (workplace based) in the same year and geography grain
Parma 87,724 Higher than 289 of 411 records in the same comparison group Median 54,000
Crude birth rate
Annual live births per 1000 residents for the reported Eurostat geography; not a fertility rate.
#216 of 366 · 40th pct · #12 in Italy
8
births per 1000 residents · 2022
Crude death rate
Annual deaths per 1000 residents for the reported Eurostat geography; age structure strongly affects comparisons.
#233 of 400 · 42nd pct · #60 in Italy
11
deaths per 1000 residents · 2022
Compare with same-grain records from the same year Crude birth rate
Parma: Crude birth rate in the same year and geography grain Parma: 8. Higher than 147 of 366 reporting records in the same comparison group. Range 4 to 24; median 8.
4
24
median 8
Parma: Crude birth rate in the same year and geography grain
Parma 8 Higher than 147 of 366 records in the same comparison group Median 8
Crude death rate
Parma: Crude death rate in the same year and geography grain Parma: 11. Higher than 167 of 400 reporting records in the same comparison group. Range 5 to 20; median 12.
5
20
median 12
Parma: Crude death rate in the same year and geography grain
Parma 11 Higher than 167 of 400 records in the same comparison group Median 12
Number of registered cars per 1000 population
Registered cars per resident, not congestion, traffic speed or household car access.
#46 of 247 · 81st pct · #45 in Italy
629
cars per 1000 population · 2022
People killed in road accidents per 10000 population
Small annual rates can be volatile; do not present as a full traffic-safety score.
#62 of 358 · 82nd pct · #30 in Italy
1
deaths per 10000 population · 2022
Length of bicycle network (dedicated cycle paths and lanes)
Reported Eurostat infrastructure length; not a cycling-mode-share or safety measure.
#162 of 328 · 51st pct · #11 in Italy
Compare with same-grain records from the same year Number of registered cars per 1000 population
Parma: Number of registered cars per 1000 population in the same year and geography grain Parma: 629. Higher than 201 of 247 reporting records in the same comparison group. Range 272 to 4,237; median 479.
272
4,237
median 479
Parma: Number of registered cars per 1000 population in the same year and geography grain
Parma 629 Higher than 201 of 247 records in the same comparison group Median 479
People killed in road accidents per 10000 population
Parma: People killed in road accidents per 10000 population in the same year and geography grain Parma: 1. Higher than 293 of 358 reporting records in the same comparison group. Range 0 to 2; median 0.
0
2
median 0
Parma: People killed in road accidents per 10000 population in the same year and geography grain
Parma 1 Higher than 293 of 358 records in the same comparison group Median 0
Length of bicycle network (dedicated cycle paths and lanes)
Parma: Length of bicycle network (dedicated cycle paths and lanes) in the same year and geography grain Parma: 149. Higher than 166 of 328 reporting records in the same comparison group. Range 0 to 1,073,473; median 138.
0
1,073,473
median 138
Parma: Length of bicycle network (dedicated cycle paths and lanes) in the same year and geography grain
Parma 149 Higher than 166 of 328 records in the same comparison group Median 138
Country price context (PPP)
Country price level index for GDP
96
EU27_2020=100 · IT · 2024
Total nights spent in tourist accommodation establishments
#25 of 92 · 73rd pct · #23 in Italy
701,597
nights / year · 2022
Nights spent in tourist accommodation establishments by residents
#21 of 78 · 73rd pct · #21 in Italy
439,203
nights / year · 2022
Nights spent in tourist accommodation establishments by non-residents
#22 of 78 · 72nd pct · #22 in Italy
262,394
nights / year · 2022
Compare with same-grain records from the same year Total nights spent in tourist accommodation establishments
Parma: Total nights spent in tourist accommodation establishments in the same year and geography grain Parma: 701,597. Higher than 67 of 92 reporting records in the same comparison group. Range 0 to 29,246,038; median 294,774.
0
29,246,038
median 294,774
Parma: Total nights spent in tourist accommodation establishments in the same year and geography grain
Parma 701,597 Higher than 67 of 92 records in the same comparison group Median 294,774
Nights spent in tourist accommodation establishments by residents
Parma: Nights spent in tourist accommodation establishments by residents in the same year and geography grain Parma: 439,203. Higher than 57 of 78 reporting records in the same comparison group. Range 11,647 to 10,408,868; median 177,863.
11,647
10,408,868
median 177,863
Parma: Nights spent in tourist accommodation establishments by residents in the same year and geography grain
Parma 439,203 Higher than 57 of 78 records in the same comparison group Median 177,863
Nights spent in tourist accommodation establishments by non-residents
Parma: Nights spent in tourist accommodation establishments by non-residents in the same year and geography grain Parma: 262,394. Higher than 56 of 78 reporting records in the same comparison group. Range 3,119 to 18,837,170; median 108,214.
3,119
18,837,170
median 108,214
Parma: Nights spent in tourist accommodation establishments by non-residents in the same year and geography grain
Parma 262,394 Higher than 56 of 78 records in the same comparison group Median 108,214
Number of museum visitors per year
Museum visitor count where reported; not a count of museums or all cultural visits.
#42 of 226 · 81st pct · #18 in Italy
360,292
visits per year · 2022
Number of public libraries (all distribution points)
Library distribution points where reported; not library visits or service quality.
#29 of 425 · 93rd pct · #10 in Italy
Compare with same-grain records from the same year Number of museum visitors per year
Parma: Number of museum visitors per year in the same year and geography grain Parma: 360,292. Higher than 184 of 226 reporting records in the same comparison group. Range 0 to 23,305,990; median 60,998.
0
23,305,990
median 60,998
Parma: Number of museum visitors per year in the same year and geography grain
Parma 360,292 Higher than 184 of 226 records in the same comparison group Median 60,998
Number of public libraries (all distribution points)
Parma: Number of public libraries (all distribution points) in the same year and geography grain Parma: 32. Higher than 396 of 425 reporting records in the same comparison group. Range 1 to 336; median 8.
1
336
median 8
Parma: Number of public libraries (all distribution points) in the same year and geography grain
Parma 32 Higher than 396 of 425 records in the same comparison group Median 8
Regional context (NUTS) Values describe the city's NUTS region, not the city itself
Regional GDP per inhabitant
€47,400
EUR per inhabitant · ITH52 · 2023
Life expectancy at birth, both sexes
Common questions What is the population of Parma? Parma had a population of 195,436 on 1 January 2022 (Eurostat city figure), the 95th largest of the 426 reporting city records in the same year.
What is the climate of Parma? Its 1991–2020 ERA5-Land normal is a mean annual temperature of 13.7 °C (January 3.2 °C, July 24.8 °C) with 821 mm of precipitation a year. This is reanalysis, not station weather.
Not reported for this city: Housing & living costs, Education, Resident perception survey. Eurostat Urban Audit coverage is voluntary, so some indicators are unavailable for some cities.
Eurostat flags: b = break in time series
Every figure is an official indicator with its source linked. Ranks compare only records with the same reference year and geography grain. See the methodology .
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