Rotterdam population for Eurostat's greater city geography in Netherlands was 1,249,955 on 1 January 2022.
Its 1991–2020 climate normal is a mean annual temperature of 10.7 °C with 847 mm of precipitation a year (Copernicus ERA5-Land).
In its wider region (NUTS NL366), GDP was €64,700 per inhabitant (2024, Eurostat) — a regional figure, not a city value.
This profile reports 30 of the 50 indicators currently tracked for European cities; the rest are not reported for Rotterdam. Source: official datasets listed in the source registry.
Population & demographics
Population on 1 January, total
#11 of 163 · 93rd pct · #1 in Netherlands
Population density (population divided by GISCO area)
#59 of 163 · 64th pct · #8 in Netherlands
2,167
persons per km2 · 2022
Share of population aged 65 and over
#122 of 160 · 23rd pct · #10 in Netherlands
17.9%
of population · 2022
Compare with same-grain records from the same year Population on 1 January, total
Rotterdam: Population on 1 January, total in the same year and geography grain Rotterdam: 1,249,955. Higher than 152 of 163 reporting records in the same comparison group. Range 37,960 to 10,353,710; median 143,083.
37,960
10,353,710
median 143,083
Rotterdam: Population on 1 January, total in the same year and geography grain
Rotterdam 1,249,955 Higher than 152 of 163 records in the same comparison group Median 143,083
Population density (population divided by GISCO area)
Rotterdam: Population density (population divided by GISCO area) in the same year and geography grain Rotterdam: 2,167. Higher than 104 of 163 reporting records in the same comparison group. Range 162 to 17,622; median 1,661.
162
17,622
median 1,661
Rotterdam: Population density (population divided by GISCO area) in the same year and geography grain
Rotterdam 2,167 Higher than 104 of 163 records in the same comparison group Median 1,661
Share of population aged 65 and over
Rotterdam: Share of population aged 65 and over in the same year and geography grain Rotterdam: 17.9%. Higher than 37 of 160 reporting records in the same comparison group. Range 12.2% to 34.1%; median 19.7%.
12.2%
34.1%
median 19.7%
Rotterdam: Share of population aged 65 and over in the same year and geography grain
Rotterdam 17.9% Higher than 37 of 160 records in the same comparison group Median 19.7%
Climate (ERA5-Land normals)
Rotterdam climate by month Rotterdam monthly 1991-2020 normals. Temperature 3.9°C to 18.1°C; warmest Jul, coldest Jan. Precipitation up to 86mm per month.
20 100 15 75 10 50 5 25 0 0
°C
mm
J F M A M J J A S O N D
● mean temperature (°C, left) · ▮ precipitation (mm, right) Rotterdam monthly climate normals Month Temp Precip Jan 3.9°C 68mm Feb 4.2°C 58mm Mar 6.5°C 59mm Apr 9.6°C 53mm May 13.2°C 66mm Jun 15.9°C 70mm Jul 18.1°C 86mm Aug 18.1°C 85mm Sep 15.3°C 74mm Oct 11.6°C 75mm Nov 7.6°C 73mm Dec 4.6°C 78mm
ERA5-Land 1991–2020 normals.
Mean annual air temperature (1991-2020 normal)
#281 of 601 · 53rd pct · #7 in Netherlands
10.7
°C · centroid · 1991-2020
Mean January air temperature (1991-2020 normal)
#206 of 601 · 66th pct · #9 in Netherlands
3.9
°C · centroid · 1991-2020
Mean July air temperature (1991-2020 normal)
#494 of 601 · 17th pct · #23 in Netherlands
18.1
°C · centroid · 1991-2020
Mean annual precipitation (1991-2020 normal)
ERA5-Land reanalysis total precipitation at the city centroid grid cell; not station weather.
#252 of 601 · 58th pct · #29 in Netherlands
847
mm per year · centroid · 1991-2020
Mean surface solar radiation downwards (1991-2020 normal)
ERA5-Land mean surface solar radiation; this is irradiance, NOT sunshine hours.
#392 of 601 · 35th pct · #11 in Netherlands
127
W per m2 · centroid · 1991-2020
Compare with same-grain records from the same year Mean annual air temperature (1991-2020 normal)
Rotterdam: Mean annual air temperature (1991-2020 normal) in the same year and geography grain Rotterdam: 10.7. Higher than 318 of 601 reporting records in the same comparison group. Range 1.3 to 24.5; median 10.6.
1.3
24.5
median 10.6
Rotterdam: Mean annual air temperature (1991-2020 normal) in the same year and geography grain
Rotterdam 10.7 Higher than 318 of 601 records in the same comparison group Median 10.6
Mean January air temperature (1991-2020 normal)
Rotterdam: Mean January air temperature (1991-2020 normal) in the same year and geography grain Rotterdam: 3.9. Higher than 395 of 601 reporting records in the same comparison group. Range -9.3 to 13.5; median 2.6.
-9.3
13.5
median 2.6
Rotterdam: Mean January air temperature (1991-2020 normal) in the same year and geography grain
Rotterdam 3.9 Higher than 395 of 601 records in the same comparison group Median 2.6
Mean July air temperature (1991-2020 normal)
Rotterdam: Mean July air temperature (1991-2020 normal) in the same year and geography grain Rotterdam: 18.1. Higher than 101 of 601 reporting records in the same comparison group. Range 12.5 to 38.1; median 19.3.
12.5
38.1
median 19.3
Rotterdam: Mean July air temperature (1991-2020 normal) in the same year and geography grain
Rotterdam 18.1 Higher than 101 of 601 records in the same comparison group Median 19.3
Mean annual precipitation (1991-2020 normal)
Rotterdam: Mean annual precipitation (1991-2020 normal) in the same year and geography grain Rotterdam: 847. Higher than 349 of 601 reporting records in the same comparison group. Range 261 to 2,516; median 816.
261
2,516
median 816
Rotterdam: Mean annual precipitation (1991-2020 normal) in the same year and geography grain
Rotterdam 847 Higher than 349 of 601 records in the same comparison group Median 816
Mean surface solar radiation downwards (1991-2020 normal)
Rotterdam: Mean surface solar radiation downwards (1991-2020 normal) in the same year and geography grain Rotterdam: 127. Higher than 209 of 601 reporting records in the same comparison group. Range 96 to 230; median 136.
96
230
median 136
Rotterdam: Mean surface solar radiation downwards (1991-2020 normal) in the same year and geography grain
Rotterdam 127 Higher than 209 of 601 records in the same comparison group Median 136
Employment
Unemployment rate
#113 of 128 · 12th pct · #2 in Netherlands
4.6%d
of population · 2022
Compare with same-grain records from the same year Unemployment rate
Rotterdam: Unemployment rate in the same year and geography grain Rotterdam: 4.6%. Higher than 15 of 128 reporting records in the same comparison group. Range 1.9% to 22.7%; median 13.2%.
1.9%
22.7%
median 13.2%
Rotterdam: Unemployment rate in the same year and geography grain
Rotterdam 4.6% Higher than 15 of 128 records in the same comparison group Median 13.2%
Education
Share of students in higher education in the total population
#97 of 142 · 32nd pct · #7 in Netherlands
49
students per 1000 residents · 2022
Compare with same-grain records from the same year Share of students in higher education in the total population
Rotterdam: Share of students in higher education in the total population in the same year and geography grain Rotterdam: 49. Higher than 45 of 142 reporting records in the same comparison group. Range 1 to 288; median 71.
1
288
median 71
Rotterdam: Share of students in higher education in the total population in the same year and geography grain
Rotterdam 49 Higher than 45 of 142 records in the same comparison group Median 71
Crude birth rate
Annual live births per 1000 residents for the reported Eurostat geography; not a fertility rate.
#54 of 154 · 65th pct · #3 in Netherlands
11
births per 1000 residents · 2022
Crude death rate
Annual deaths per 1000 residents for the reported Eurostat geography; age structure strongly affects comparisons.
#96 of 156 · 38th pct · #7 in Netherlands
10
deaths per 1000 residents · 2022
Compare with same-grain records from the same year Crude birth rate
Rotterdam: Crude birth rate in the same year and geography grain Rotterdam: 11. Higher than 100 of 154 reporting records in the same comparison group. Range 0 to 39; median 10.
0
39
median 10
Rotterdam: Crude birth rate in the same year and geography grain
Rotterdam 11 Higher than 100 of 154 records in the same comparison group Median 10
Crude death rate
Rotterdam: Crude death rate in the same year and geography grain Rotterdam: 10. Higher than 60 of 156 reporting records in the same comparison group. Range 6 to 16; median 10.
6
16
median 10
Rotterdam: Crude death rate in the same year and geography grain
Rotterdam 10 Higher than 60 of 156 records in the same comparison group Median 10
Transport costs
Number of registered cars per 1000 population
#131 of 137 · 4th pct · #11 in Netherlands
370
cars per 1000 population · 2022
Compare with same-grain records from the same year Number of registered cars per 1000 population
Rotterdam: Number of registered cars per 1000 population in the same year and geography grain Rotterdam: 370. Higher than 6 of 137 reporting records in the same comparison group. Range 257 to 816; median 482.
257
816
median 482
Rotterdam: Number of registered cars per 1000 population in the same year and geography grain
Rotterdam 370 Higher than 6 of 137 records in the same comparison group Median 482
Country price context (PPP)
Country price level index for GDP
117
EU27_2020=100 · NL · 2024
Resident perception survey
Rotterdam resident perception survey strongly agreeing it is easy to find good housing at a reasonable price
6.5%
somewhat agreeing it is easy to find good housing at a reasonable price
23.5%
very satisfied with the quality of the air in the city
10.8%
rather satisfied with the quality of the air in the city
44.7%
very satisfied with the noise level in the city
17.5%
rather satisfied with the noise level in the city
51.9%
very satisfied with cleanliness in the city
9.8%
rather satisfied with cleanliness in the city
49.5%
strongly agreeing they are satisfied to live in this city
55.4%
somewhat agreeing they are satisfied to live in this city
34.3%
Feel safe at night — strongly agree
24.1%
Feel safe at night — somewhat agree
49%
Transport affordable — strongly agree
31.7%
Transport affordable — somewhat agree
29.3%
Rotterdam resident perception survey strongly agreeing it is easy to find good housing at a reasonable price 6.5% somewhat agreeing it is easy to find good housing at a reasonable price 23.5% very satisfied with the quality of the air in the city 10.8% rather satisfied with the quality of the air in the city 44.7% very satisfied with the noise level in the city 17.5% rather satisfied with the noise level in the city 51.9% very satisfied with cleanliness in the city 9.8% rather satisfied with cleanliness in the city 49.5% strongly agreeing they are satisfied to live in this city 55.4% somewhat agreeing they are satisfied to live in this city 34.3% Feel safe at night — strongly agree 24.1% Feel safe at night — somewhat agree 49% Transport affordable — strongly agree 31.7% Transport affordable — somewhat agree 29.3%
Compare with same-grain records from the same year Share strongly agreeing it is easy to find good housing at a reasonable price
Rotterdam: Share strongly agreeing it is easy to find good housing at a reasonable price in the same year and geography grain Rotterdam: 6.5%. Higher than 13 of 30 reporting records in the same comparison group. Range 2.5% to 17.4%; median 7%.
2.5%
17.4%
median 7%
Rotterdam: Share strongly agreeing it is easy to find good housing at a reasonable price in the same year and geography grain
Rotterdam 6.5% Higher than 13 of 30 records in the same comparison group Median 7%
Share somewhat agreeing it is easy to find good housing at a reasonable price
Rotterdam: Share somewhat agreeing it is easy to find good housing at a reasonable price in the same year and geography grain Rotterdam: 23.5%. Higher than 22 of 30 reporting records in the same comparison group. Range 4.5% to 38.2%; median 15.5%.
4.5%
38.2%
median 15.5%
Rotterdam: Share somewhat agreeing it is easy to find good housing at a reasonable price in the same year and geography grain
Rotterdam 23.5% Higher than 22 of 30 records in the same comparison group Median 15.5%
Share very satisfied with the quality of the air in the city
Rotterdam: Share very satisfied with the quality of the air in the city in the same year and geography grain Rotterdam: 10.8%. Higher than 11 of 30 reporting records in the same comparison group. Range 6.3% to 35.2%; median 13.2%.
6.3%
35.2%
median 13.2%
Rotterdam: Share very satisfied with the quality of the air in the city in the same year and geography grain
Rotterdam 10.8% Higher than 11 of 30 records in the same comparison group Median 13.2%
Share rather satisfied with the quality of the air in the city
Rotterdam: Share rather satisfied with the quality of the air in the city in the same year and geography grain Rotterdam: 44.7%. Higher than 16 of 30 reporting records in the same comparison group. Range 17.9% to 63.7%; median 44.3%.
17.9%
63.7%
median 44.3%
Rotterdam: Share rather satisfied with the quality of the air in the city in the same year and geography grain
Rotterdam 44.7% Higher than 16 of 30 records in the same comparison group Median 44.3%
Share very satisfied with the noise level in the city
Rotterdam: Share very satisfied with the noise level in the city in the same year and geography grain Rotterdam: 17.5%. Higher than 14 of 30 reporting records in the same comparison group. Range 6.7% to 28.6%; median 17.9%.
6.7%
28.6%
median 17.9%
Rotterdam: Share very satisfied with the noise level in the city in the same year and geography grain
Rotterdam 17.5% Higher than 14 of 30 records in the same comparison group Median 17.9%
Share rather satisfied with the noise level in the city
Rotterdam: Share rather satisfied with the noise level in the city in the same year and geography grain Rotterdam: 51.9%. Higher than 25 of 30 reporting records in the same comparison group. Range 24.3% to 60.2%; median 46.4%.
24.3%
60.2%
median 46.4%
Rotterdam: Share rather satisfied with the noise level in the city in the same year and geography grain
Rotterdam 51.9% Higher than 25 of 30 records in the same comparison group Median 46.4%
Share very satisfied with cleanliness in the city
Rotterdam: Share very satisfied with cleanliness in the city in the same year and geography grain Rotterdam: 9.8%. Higher than 9 of 30 reporting records in the same comparison group. Range 4.6% to 46.5%; median 13%.
4.6%
46.5%
median 13%
Rotterdam: Share very satisfied with cleanliness in the city in the same year and geography grain
Rotterdam 9.8% Higher than 9 of 30 records in the same comparison group Median 13%
Share rather satisfied with cleanliness in the city
Rotterdam: Share rather satisfied with cleanliness in the city in the same year and geography grain Rotterdam: 49.5%. Higher than 22 of 30 reporting records in the same comparison group. Range 14.3% to 63%; median 43.2%.
14.3%
63%
median 43.2%
Rotterdam: Share rather satisfied with cleanliness in the city in the same year and geography grain
Rotterdam 49.5% Higher than 22 of 30 records in the same comparison group Median 43.2%
Share strongly agreeing they are satisfied to live in this city
Rotterdam: Share strongly agreeing they are satisfied to live in this city in the same year and geography grain Rotterdam: 55.4%. Higher than 19 of 30 reporting records in the same comparison group. Range 18.4% to 77.3%; median 45.5%.
18.4%
77.3%
median 45.5%
Rotterdam: Share strongly agreeing they are satisfied to live in this city in the same year and geography grain
Rotterdam 55.4% Higher than 19 of 30 records in the same comparison group Median 45.5%
Share somewhat agreeing they are satisfied to live in this city
Rotterdam: Share somewhat agreeing they are satisfied to live in this city in the same year and geography grain Rotterdam: 34.3%. Higher than 9 of 30 reporting records in the same comparison group. Range 16.2% to 61.9%; median 42.7%.
16.2%
61.9%
median 42.7%
Rotterdam: Share somewhat agreeing they are satisfied to live in this city in the same year and geography grain
Rotterdam 34.3% Higher than 9 of 30 records in the same comparison group Median 42.7%
Share strongly agreeing they feel safe walking alone at night in the city
Rotterdam: Share strongly agreeing they feel safe walking alone at night in the city in the same year and geography grain Rotterdam: 24.1%. Higher than 14 of 30 reporting records in the same comparison group. Range 7.6% to 46.7%; median 24.6%.
7.6%
46.7%
median 24.6%
Rotterdam: Share strongly agreeing they feel safe walking alone at night in the city in the same year and geography grain
Rotterdam 24.1% Higher than 14 of 30 records in the same comparison group Median 24.6%
Share somewhat agreeing they feel safe walking alone at night in the city
Rotterdam: Share somewhat agreeing they feel safe walking alone at night in the city in the same year and geography grain Rotterdam: 49%. Higher than 25 of 30 reporting records in the same comparison group. Range 27.3% to 66.3%; median 42.4%.
27.3%
66.3%
median 42.4%
Rotterdam: Share somewhat agreeing they feel safe walking alone at night in the city in the same year and geography grain
Rotterdam 49% Higher than 25 of 30 records in the same comparison group Median 42.4%
Share strongly agreeing public transport is affordable
Rotterdam: Share strongly agreeing public transport is affordable in the same year and geography grain Rotterdam: 31.7%. Higher than 16 of 30 reporting records in the same comparison group. Range 8.5% to 61.9%; median 30.5%.
8.5%
61.9%
median 30.5%
Rotterdam: Share strongly agreeing public transport is affordable in the same year and geography grain
Rotterdam 31.7% Higher than 16 of 30 records in the same comparison group Median 30.5%
Share somewhat agreeing public transport is affordable
Rotterdam: Share somewhat agreeing public transport is affordable in the same year and geography grain Rotterdam: 29.3%. Higher than 2 of 30 reporting records in the same comparison group. Range 19.5% to 57.5%; median 36%.
19.5%
57.5%
median 36%
Rotterdam: Share somewhat agreeing public transport is affordable in the same year and geography grain
Rotterdam 29.3% Higher than 2 of 30 records in the same comparison group Median 36%
Regional context (NUTS) Values describe the city's NUTS region, not the city itself
Regional GDP per inhabitant
€64,700
EUR per inhabitant · NL366 · 2024
Life expectancy at birth, both sexes
Common questions What is the population of Rotterdam? Rotterdam had a population of 1,249,955 on 1 January 2022 (Eurostat greater city figure), the 11th largest of the 163 reporting greater city records in the same year.
What is the climate of Rotterdam? Its 1991–2020 ERA5-Land normal is a mean annual temperature of 10.7 °C (January 3.9 °C, July 18.1 °C) with 847 mm of precipitation a year. This is reanalysis, not station weather.
Not reported for this city: Air quality (EEA annualized), Housing & living costs, Tourism, Culture. Eurostat Urban Audit coverage is voluntary, so some indicators are unavailable for some cities.
Eurostat flags: d = definition differs
Every figure is an official indicator with its source linked. Ranks compare only records with the same reference year and geography grain. See the methodology .
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